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Histomorphological testicular changes and decrease in the sperm count in pubertal rats induced by a high-sugar diet.

Yeimy Mar De León-Ramírez1, Miguel Lara-García2, Pablo Pacheco3

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Summary

High sugar intake in young male rats significantly damages testicular structure and reduces sperm count and motility, potentially leading to adult infertility. This study highlights the adverse effects of early-life sugar consumption on reproductive health.

Keywords:
Lactate dehydrogenase expressionLeptinPubertalRatsSperm qualityTestosteroneTriacylglycerol

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Biology
  • Endocrinology
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Excessive food consumption, particularly high-sucrose diets, contributes to obesity and metabolic syndrome.
  • Obesity and metabolic syndrome are frequently linked to infertility.
  • Early-life nutrition significantly impacts long-term health, including reproductive capacity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the histomorphological testicular changes induced by a high-sucrose diet.
  • To evaluate the impact of early-life sucrose consumption on sperm count and quality.
  • To assess potential links between dietary sucrose and the onset of infertility.

Main Methods:

  • Wistar male rats (21 days old) were fed a high-sucrose (30%) solution for 30 days.
  • Testicular tissue, blood, and semen were analyzed for morphological changes, hormone levels (testosterone, leptin), and sperm parameters (motility, viability, count).
  • Histological analysis (H&E staining) and biochemical assays (triacylglycerol, lactate dehydrogenase - LDH expression) were performed.

Main Results:

  • High-sucrose diet increased testicular weight but reduced seminiferous tubule cross-sectional area.
  • Observed testicular damage included disorganization of Sertoli cells and spermatogonia, and increased LDH expression.
  • Significant reductions in sperm count, motility, and elevated serum testosterone and leptin levels were noted.

Conclusions:

  • Early-life high-sucrose consumption causes significant testicular damage in male rats.
  • These findings suggest a strong link between sugar intake during development and the risk of adult infertility.
  • Dietary sugar negatively impacts sperm production and testicular function, with potential long-term reproductive consequences.