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Related Concept Videos

Plasticizers01:31

Plasticizers

198
Water-reducers, or plasticizers, are chemical admixtures used in concrete to improve strength and workability. These additives reduce the water-cement ratio without compromising workability, lower the cement content while maintaining the same workability, or increase workability to assist concrete placement in inaccessible areas.
Plasticizers function by using surface-active agents to create repulsive electrostatic forces between cement particles. This dispersion enhances the concrete's...
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Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters01:20

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The introduction of polyesters has brought major development to the textile industry. The wrinkle-free behavior of polyester blends has eliminated the need for starching and ironing clothes.
Polyesters are commonly prepared from terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol; the crude product is known as poly(ethylene terephthalate) or PET. However, polyesters are synthesized industrially by transesterification of dimethyl terephthalate with ethylene glycol at 150 °C. The two reactants and the polymer...
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Bioremediation00:46

Bioremediation

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Bioremediation is the use of prokaryotes, fungi, or plants to remove pollutants from the environment. This process has been used to remove harmful toxins in groundwater as a byproduct of agricultural run-off and also to clean up oil spills.
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Plastic Deformations01:19

Plastic Deformations

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Plastic deformation represents a fundamental concept in materials science, which explains the irreversible change in the shape of a material when it experiences stress beyond its elastic capability. This phenomenon is important in structural engineering, especially in designing and analyzing cantilever beams—structures that are securely fixed at one end and bear loads at the opposite end. When these beams are subjected to loads within their elastic range, they will return to their...
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Plastic Deformations01:14

Plastic Deformations

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It is essential to understand how structural members behave under plastic deformation when the bending stress exceeds the material's yield strength. This state of deformation permanently alters the shape of the member, in contrast to the linear elastic behavior observed before yielding. The strain at any point in the member is expressed in terms of maximum strain. Notably, the neutral axis, which coincides with the centroid during elastic bending, shifts away from the centroid under plastic...
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Plastic Behavior01:21

Plastic Behavior

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A material's elastic behavior is characterized by the disappearance of stress once the load is removed, allowing the material to return to its original state. However, when stress surpasses the yield point, yielding commences, marking the onset of plastic deformation or permanent set. This change from elastic to plastic behavior is influenced by the peak stress value and the duration before the load is removed. An intriguing observation occurs when a specimen is loaded, unloaded, and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 19, 2025

Extraction of Organochlorine Pesticides from Plastic Pellets and Plastic Type Analysis
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Plastics in our ocean as transdisciplinary challenge.

Maraja Riechers1, Lucia Fanini2, Annalisa Apicella3

  • 1Faculty of Sustainability, Leuphana University Lueneburg, Universitätsallee 1, 21335 Lueneburg, Germany.

Marine Pollution Bulletin
|January 30, 2021
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Summary

International experts propose solutions to ocean microplastic pollution, including wastewater filtration, mandatory ecolabels on plastic packaging, and a circular economy approach for plastics.

Keywords:
Co-learningCo-productionConference reportMarine social scienceMicroplasticsPollutionSustainability

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Area of Science:

  • Marine Biology
  • Environmental Science
  • Pollution Control

Background:

  • Microplastic pollution poses a significant and complex challenge to marine ecosystems worldwide.
  • Research into microplastics requires a multifaceted approach, integrating diverse scientific and stakeholder perspectives.
  • International collaboration is crucial for addressing the global scale of ocean plastic contamination.

Framework:

  • A transdisciplinary, co-learning framework is essential for effective microplastic pollution research.
  • Integrating multiple viewpoints enhances problem-solving capabilities for complex environmental issues.
  • This report outlines a collaborative framework developed at a workshop in San Sebastián, Spain.

Implementation:

  • Proposed action 1: Implement advanced filtration systems to remove microplastics from wastewater.
  • Proposed action 2: Introduce mandatory ecolabels on plastic product packaging to inform consumers.
  • Proposed action 3: Promote a circular economy model for packaging plastics to reduce waste.

Implications:

  • Successful implementation of these actions can significantly mitigate microplastic pollution in marine environments.
  • These strategies aim to foster sustainable plastic management and protect ocean health.
  • The proposed solutions offer a pathway towards reducing the environmental impact of plastics.