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Related Concept Videos

Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction01:15

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IntroductionAortic regurgitation is characterized by the backward flow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole and arises from the improper closure of the aortic valve. This condition results in left ventricular volume overload and can stem from both acute and chronic etiologies, each contributing uniquely to the disease's progression and symptomatology.Acute and Chronic CausesAcute aortic regurgitation often results from events that suddenly impair the integrity of the...
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Blood is pumped by the heart into the aorta, the largest artery in the body, and then into increasingly smaller arteries, arterioles, and capillaries. The velocity of blood flow decreases with increased cross-sectional blood vessel area. As blood returns to the heart through venules and veins, its velocity increases. The movement of blood is encouraged by smooth muscle in the vessel walls, the movement of skeletal muscle surrounding the vessels, and one-way valves that prevent backflow.
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Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction01:22

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Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...
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Aortic valve regurgitation (AR) occurs when the aortic valve fails to close properly, allowing blood to flow backward from the aorta into the left ventricle. This backflow can result in two distinct clinical presentations: acute and chronic AR, each characterized by its own set of symptoms and physical findings.Acute Aortic RegurgitationAcute AR presents with a sudden onset of severe symptoms. Patients typically experience profound dyspnea (shortness of breath), chest pain, and signs of left...
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IntroductionThe mitral valve, one of the heart's four valves, regulates blood flow. These valves have flaps that open and close to direct blood properly through the heart and body. During each heartbeat, the flaps open for blood to pass through and seal shut to prevent backflow. Specifically, the mitral valve opens to allow blood flow from the heart's upper left chamber to the lower left chamber. It then closes securely as the lower left chamber contracts to pump blood to the body, preventing...
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Design of a Cyclic Pressure Bioreactor for the Ex Vivo Study of Aortic Heart Valves
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Fluid-structure coupled biotransport processes in aortic valve disease.

Mohammadreza Soltany Sadrabadi1, Mohammadali Hedayat2, Iman Borazjani2

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA.

Journal of Biomechanics
|January 30, 2021
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Summary

Fluid flow and vortex structures near heart valves significantly impact calcification and thrombosis. Understanding these transport processes can help improve the durability of artificial heart valves.

Keywords:
FSIHemodynamicsLagrangian coherent structuresMass transportShear stress

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Engineering
  • Biomedical Fluid Dynamics
  • Biomaterials Science

Background:

  • Biological transport processes near the aortic valve are critical in the development of calcific aortic valve disease and bioprosthetic heart valve thrombosis.
  • Hemodynamics and leaflet dynamics govern these transport patterns, influencing disease initiation and progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of fluid-structure interaction (FSI) and convective mass transport in aortic valve calcification and thrombosis.
  • To identify how coherent structures in blood flow influence biochemical concentrations and biological processes.

Main Methods:

  • Performed two-way coupled FSI simulations of 2D bicuspid and 3D mechanical heart valves.
  • Coupled simulations with five continuum transport models to study biochemicals (e.g., LDL, platelets) and flow stagnation.
  • Utilized vorticity and Lagrangian coherent structures (LCS) to identify flow patterns.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated a strong correlation between vortex structures and biochemical concentration patterns.
  • Showcased how different vortices modulate concentration based on transport mechanisms.
  • Revealed a relationship between leaflet biochemical concentration and wall shear stress.

Conclusions:

  • Blood flow physics and coherent structures are key regulators of flow-mediated biological processes in aortic valve calcification and thrombosis.
  • Findings can inform the design of heart valves to enhance durability and reduce complications like thrombosis and calcification.