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Epilepsy and COVID-19: Updated evidence and narrative review

Naoto Kuroda1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA; Department of Epileptology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.

Epilepsy & Behavior : E&B
|January 30, 2021
PubMed

Keywords:
Antiepileptic drugsCOVID-19EpilepsyEpilepsy surgeryNeurological disorder

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Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
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Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:
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Ezocgabine or retigabine, an antiepileptic drug of remarkable efficacy, has revolutionized the management of seizures. It is a potassium channel activator, explicitly targeting the family of Q subtype potassium channels. It enhances the transmembrane potassium currents, regulating neuronal excitability. This action stabilizes the resting membrane potential, a pivotal factor in mitigating the hyperexcitability that characterizes epilepsy.
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Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), or shock therapy, remains a critical biomedical intervention for severe, treatment-resistant depression. While its origins can be traced back to Hippocrates' observations that malaria-induced convulsions alleviated mental illness, modern ECT has evolved significantly from its earlier, more primitive applications. First introduced in 1938 by Ugo Cerletti and his colleagues, ECT involves inducing controlled seizures using electrical currents. In its early...
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