Multiple brown tumors with primary hyperparathyroidism mimicking bone metastases []

Area of Science:

• Endocrinology
• Oncology
• Skeletal Radiology

Background:

• Osteolytic bone lesions often suggest metastasis.
• Brown tumors, associated with hyperparathyroidism, are a critical differential diagnosis.
• Distinguishing brown tumors from metastatic disease can be challenging.

Observation:

• A 35-year-old female presented with multifocal osteolytic lesions.
• The lesions posed diagnostic difficulty, initially raising suspicion for metastatic disease.
• The patient had underlying uncontrolled hyperparathyroidism.

Findings:

• The multifocal lesions were confirmed as brown tumors, a benign manifestation of hyperparathyroidism.
• Parathyroidectomy was performed as a definitive treatment.
• Post-operative follow-up demonstrated resolution and no recurrence.

Implications:

• This case underscores the importance of considering brown tumors in the differential diagnosis of osteolytic bone lesions.
• Accurate diagnosis and management of hyperparathyroidism are crucial for treating brown tumors.
• Surgical intervention (parathyroidectomy) is effective in resolving brown tumors and preventing recurrence.