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Variation of Atmospheric Pressure01:18

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Change in atmospheric pressure with height is particularly interesting. The decrease in atmospheric pressure with increasing altitude is due to the decreasing gravitational force per unit area as we move away from the surface of the earth.
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The experimental conditions in a gravimetric analysis should be optimized to maximize the particle size and purity of the obtained precipitate. Ideally, the concentration of the precipitating reagent should be low with effective stirring to maintain low relative supersaturation for the growth of large crystals. In homogeneous precipitation, the precipitant is slowly generated by a chemical reaction in the solution to avoid local reagent excesses. For example, urea decomposes gradually to...
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Updated: Nov 19, 2025

Split Point Analysis and Uncertainty Quantification of Thermal-Optical Organic/Elemental Carbon Measurements
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Understanding global changes in fine-mode aerosols during 2008-2017 using statistical methods and deep learning

Xing Yan1, Zhou Zang1, Chuanfeng Zhao1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.

Environment International
|January 31, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Global fine-mode aerosol fraction (FMF) is increasing over land, while fine aerosol optical depth (fAOD) shows a decline in China due to emission controls. Ozone (O3) is linked to aerosol changes.

Keywords:
AerosolFMFSatellitefAOD

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Area of Science:

  • Atmospheric Science
  • Environmental Science
  • Climate Science

Background:

  • Fine-mode aerosols significantly impact environment, climate, and health.
  • Global changes in fine-mode aerosols are not well understood.
  • Understanding aerosol optical depth (fAOD) and fine-mode fraction (FMF) is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore global fAOD and FMF status and changes from 2008-2017.
  • To identify factors associated with fAOD and FMF variations.
  • To provide a comprehensive understanding of anthropogenic impacts on aerosols.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized newly developed satellite retrieval data.
  • Employed an attentive interpretable deep learning model.
  • Analyzed global, regional, and seasonal fAOD and FMF trends.

Main Results:

  • Global land FMF shows a significant increasing trend (2.34 × 10⁻³/year).
  • High fAOD and FMF levels observed in China, Southeast Asia, India, and Africa.
  • Significant fAOD decline in China indicates effective emission controls; O3 associated with aerosol changes.

Conclusions:

  • Global land FMF is increasing, but fAOD trends are not significant globally.
  • Regional emission controls, like in China, show positive impacts.
  • Synergistic regulation of ozone and fine particles is important for mitigating aerosol impacts.