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Infrared analysis for determining macronutrients in human milk.

K F Michaelsen1, S B Pedersen, L Skafte

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.

Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition
|March 1, 1988
PubMed
Summary

Infrared (IR) analysis accurately measures protein, fat, and energy in human milk. While precise for these components, carbohydrate measurements using IR analysis showed poor correlation with reference methods due to differing measurement scopes.

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Area of Science:

  • Nutritional Biochemistry
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Infrared (IR) analysis is a standard technique for cow milk analysis.
  • Accurate nutritional assessment of human milk is crucial for infant health and research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the precision and accuracy of an IR analyzer (Milko-scan 104) for quantifying protein, fat, carbohydrate, and energy in human milk.
  • To compare IR analysis results with established reference methods.

Main Methods:

  • IR analysis (Milko-scan 104) was employed to measure protein, fat, carbohydrate, and energy content.
  • Reference methods included Kjeldahl for protein, Roese Gottlieb for fat, enzymatic assay for lactose, and bomb calorimetry for energy.
  • Precision was evaluated using the coefficient of variation, and accuracy was assessed through linear covariation analysis.

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Main Results:

  • High precision was observed for all measured components: protein (0.4% CV), fat (1.0% CV), carbohydrate (0.2% CV), and energy (0.1% CV).
  • Close linear covariation was found between IR and reference methods for protein, fat, and energy.
  • A poor covariation was noted for carbohydrate, attributed to IR analysis including oligosaccharides, unlike the lactose-specific reference assay.

Conclusions:

  • IR analysis demonstrates high precision and accuracy for protein, fat, and energy determination in human milk.
  • IR analysis is a valuable tool for large-scale human milk research, epidemiological studies, and continuous nutritional monitoring in milk banks.
  • Discrepancies in carbohydrate measurement highlight the need to understand the specific components quantified by IR analysis versus reference methods.