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Related Concept Videos

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Ribosome Profiling02:24

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Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
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The technique...
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Leaky Scanning02:28

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During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA.  Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R...
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Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay02:27

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The Upf proteins that carry out nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) are found in all eukaryotic organisms, including humans. Each protein has an individual role, but they need to work in collaboration. Upf1 is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase that unwinds the RNA helix. Because Upf1 can unwind any RNA, Upf2 and Upf3 are required to help Upf1 discriminate between nonsense and normal mRNAs.
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Types of RNA01:20

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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Updated: Nov 19, 2025

Identification of RNAs Engaged in Direct RNA-RNA Interaction with a Long Non-Coding RNA
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LncRNA-Encoded Peptide: Functions and Predicting Methods.

Jiani Xing1, Haizhou Liu2, Wei Jiang2

  • 1Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College of Southeast University, Nanjing, China.

Frontiers in Oncology
|February 1, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Recent research reveals that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) can encode peptides, impacting disease pathogenesis. This review explores lncRNA-encoded peptides

Keywords:
Ribo-seqcancerlong non-coding RNApeptidetranslation

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) were traditionally considered non-coding.
  • Emerging evidence indicates some lncRNAs possess open reading frames encoding peptides.
  • These lncRNA-encoded peptides are implicated in various disease mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review regulatory pathways of mammalian lncRNA-encoded peptides.
  • To discuss the roles of these peptides in muscle function, gene expression, and mRNA stability.
  • To summarize the dual roles (promoting/inhibiting) of lncRNA-encoded peptides in cancer and other diseases.
  • To introduce computational methods for predicting lncRNA coding potential.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research.
  • Analysis of regulatory pathways and functional roles of lncRNA-encoded peptides.
  • Overview of computational prediction tools and databases for lncRNA coding ability.

Main Results:

  • lncRNA-encoded peptides significantly influence cellular processes like gene expression and muscle function.
  • These peptides exhibit context-dependent roles, acting as either promoters or inhibitors in various diseases, including cancers.
  • Computational approaches are available for identifying lncRNAs with coding potential.

Conclusions:

  • lncRNA-encoded peptides represent a novel class of functional molecules with significant roles in health and disease.
  • Understanding their regulatory mechanisms and functions is crucial for advancing biomedical research.
  • This review provides a foundation for future research into lncRNA coding potential and its therapeutic applications, particularly in oncology.