Dermoscopic Patterns in Juvenile Xanthogranuloma Based on the Histological Classification

Area of Science:

• Dermatology
• Dermoscopy
• Histopathology

Background:

• Juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG) dermoscopic features require validation in larger cohorts.
• Previous studies described JXG dermoscopy in limited case series.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate dermoscopic patterns in a large series of JXG cases.
• To correlate dermoscopic findings with clinical and histopathological features of JXG.

Main Methods:

• Dermoscopic evaluation and histopathological diagnosis of JXG.
• Recording of histological findings, including stage and Ki67 index.
• Analysis of dermoscopic features and their correlation with disease stage.

Main Results:

• The "setting sun" pattern (85.4%) and "clouds" of paler yellow areas (63.4%) were common in JXG.
• "Setting sun" pattern was more frequent in early/developed stages (P=0.002).
• Branched linear vessels, associated with higher Ki67 index (P=0.005), were seen in early/developed stages; whitish areas and pigment networks appeared in late stages.

Conclusions:

• "Setting sun" pattern is characteristic of early/developed JXG; whitish areas and pigment networks indicate late-stage JXG.
• Linear vessels suggest rapid growth in early JXG.
• Dermoscopy aids in JXG diagnosis and staging.