Community engagement as a foundation for improving neighborhood health

Health inequities and disparities are associated with non-White race/ethnicity, immigrant status, income, and geographic location. Community engagement is essential to identify health and social needs and to plan health care and social services programs. To begin a larger community-based participatory study, the purpose of this study was to explore community residents' perceptions of barriers and facilitators to achieving and maintaining health.

This qualitative descriptive study used focus group interviews. We recruited a convenience sample (n = 50) from community meetings and gathering for five audio-recorded focus groups that used a semi-structured interview guide. Transcripts were coded to identify common topics in each group and major themes across groups.

Participants were predominantly women (58%), Hispanic/Latinx, and Spanish-speaking (57%), who rented their homes (69%). Two main themes emerged: (a) social determinants as barriers to health and (b) need for trust to participate in health programs.

Although health care providers are frequently concerned about providing access to care, community members identified a variety of social determinants that affected their health. Listening and responding to community members' priorities are the foundation to improving health in neighborhoods directly affected by inequities.