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Pro-inflammatory adiponectin in pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis.

Mukanthu H Nyirenda1, Giulia Fadda2, Luke M Healy3

  • 1Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada/Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.

Multiple Sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England)
|February 1, 2021
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Summary

Obesity is linked to higher multiple sclerosis (MS) risk. This study found elevated adiponectin (APN) in children with MS, potentially driving inflammation and disease activity.

Keywords:
Multiple sclerosisadipokinesadiponectinimmune responsesmyelin oligodendrocyte glycoproteinpediatric multiple sclerosis

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Endocrinology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Obesity is associated with increased risk and activity of multiple sclerosis (MS).
  • Adipokines, hormones from adipose tissue, may play a role in MS pathophysiology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate adipokine levels, specifically adiponectin (APN), in pediatric-onset MS.
  • To explore the pathophysiologic contribution of APN to MS in children.

Main Methods:

  • Quantified APN and its isoforms using ELISA in 169 children with acquired demyelinating syndromes (ADS).
  • Assessed the effects of recombinant APN and APN-containing sera on immune cells (myeloid, T cells) and microglia.

Main Results:

  • Children with MS showed higher serum APN levels, primarily the low-molecular-weight isoform.
  • Recombinant APN and MS serum promoted pro-inflammatory responses in monocytes and T cells.
  • APN activated human microglia, reducing markers of quiescence.

Conclusions:

  • Elevated APN in pediatric MS may fuel pro-inflammatory immune responses.
  • APN might contribute to MS disease activity by activating peripheral immune cells and CNS microglia.
  • APN represents a potential therapeutic target for MS.