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Drug Delivery: Enteral Route

Drug Delivery: Enteral Route

The enteral drug administration involves three primary routes: oral, sublingual, and buccal. Oral ingestion is the most prevalent, safe, economical, and convenient method for drug administration. However, it has certain drawbacks, including limited absorption due to the drug's low water solubility or poor membrane permeability, possible emesis from GI mucosa irritation, destruction of drugs by digestive enzymes or low gastric pH, and irregular absorption along with food or other drugs.

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Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection, and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
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Transdermal patches transport drugs...

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Author Spotlight: Innovative Microneedle-Based Strategies for Enhanced Exosome Delivery and Stability

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A microneedle platform for buccal macromolecule delivery.

Ester Caffarel-Salvador^1,2, Soyoung Kim², Vance Soares²

¹Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.

Science Advances

|February 1, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Highly drug-loaded microneedle (MN) patches deliver biologics like insulin painlessly and rapidly via the buccal mucosa. This novel approach enhances drug adherence and offers a promising alternative for pediatric and elderly patients.

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Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Drug Delivery Systems
Materials Science

Background:

Conventional drug delivery faces challenges in patient adherence and administration efficiency.
Microneedles (MNs) offer a transdermal alternative, but drug loading capacity is limited by solubility.
Macromolecule delivery via the buccal mucosa presents an opportunity for faster systemic absorption.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and evaluate a highly drug-loaded microneedle (MN) patch for buccal drug delivery.
To assess the feasibility of delivering macromolecules, specifically insulin and human growth hormone, via buccal MNs.
To evaluate the safety and patient comfort of buccal MN application.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of microneedle patches with high drug-loading capacity for macromolecules.
Application of MN patches to the buccal mucosa of swine for delivery of insulin and human growth hormone.
Clinical trial with 100 healthy volunteers to assess comfort and identify optimal application sites within the oral cavity.

Main Results:

Successful delivery of 1-mg insulin and human growth hormone payloads to the buccal cavity of swine within 30 seconds.
Identification of the hard palate as the preferred and most comfortable site for buccal MN application in human volunteers.
Demonstration of MN patches as a viable platform for rapid and efficient buccal delivery of biologics.

Conclusions:

Buccal microneedle patches enable rapid, painless delivery of high-value biologics, overcoming previous drug-loading limitations.
This technology has the potential to significantly improve medication adherence, particularly for pediatric and elderly populations.
Buccal MNs represent a promising advancement in drug delivery, offering a faster alternative to transdermal routes.