Acquisition order and motional artifact reduction in spin warp images

Multiple averaging can be a powerful tool against motional artifacts if significant motion occurs between the redundant acquisitions taken at a given gradient strength. However, if the time delay between these redundant measurements is too short, data or images depicting the patient is exactly the same position will be combined. Pooling such identical data has no effect on motional artifacts. This problem can be solved by increasing TR, increasing the number of redundant acquisitions, or changing the order in which acquisitions are taken. Usually all acquisitions at a particular value of the warp gradient are taken before proceeding to the next gradient value. This order minimizes motion between redundant acquisitions and so maximizes artifacts. The effect of other acquisition orders on both periodic and nonrepetitive motion is discussed. Human images for breathing and phantom results for single-occurrence motions are presented.