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Published on: April 23, 2021
Prevalence, Clinical Manifestations, and Biochemical Data of Hypertensive versus Normotensive Symptomatic Patients
1Quisisana Hospital, Ferrara. vdesanctis@libero.it.
Insights
Hypertension in COVID-19 patients is linked to more severe disease, increased comorbidities, and longer hospital stays. These findings highlight the importance of managing hypertension for better COVID-19 outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Infectious Diseases
- Public Health
Background:
- Limited data exists on hypertension's impact on symptomatic COVID-19 patients.
- Hypertension is a prevalent comorbidity globally.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare clinical presentation, comorbidities, and outcomes of hypertensive versus normotensive symptomatic COVID-19 patients.
- To assess the severity and inflammatory markers in COVID-19 patients with hypertension.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective cohort study comparing 50 hypertensive and 250 normotensive COVID-19 patients.
- Data collected included clinical, radiological, hematological parameters, comorbidities (Charlson Comorbidity Index), and hospitalization outcomes.
- C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were measured as an inflammatory marker.
Main Results:
- Hypertensive COVID-19 patients showed higher prevalence of diabetes, CKD, and cardiac dysfunction.
- They presented with more severe pneumonia and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS).
- Hypertensive patients experienced longer hospitalizations, ICU stays, and need for mechanical ventilation and oxygen therapy, with higher CRP levels.
Conclusions:
- Hypertension exacerbates COVID-19 severity, leading to increased inflammation and comorbidities.
- Hypertensive COVID-19 patients require more intensive care and prolonged recovery.
- Managing hypertension is crucial for improving clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients.
Background:
There is a scarcity of data regarding the effect of hypertension on the clinical presentation and outcome of symptomatic patients with COVID-19 infection in comparison with non-hypertensive patients.
Aim Of The Study:
To describe the clinical presentation, radiological and hematological data of a cohort of symptomatic COVID-19 positive hypertensive patients (n=50) in comparison with another cohort of normotensive symptomatic COVID-19 positive patients (n=250) diagnosed at the same time and managed in the same health facilities (from Jan 2020 to May 2020). Associated comorbidities were assessed, and the Charlson Comorbidity Index was calculated. The outcomes, including duration of hospitalization, length of ICU stay, duration of mechanical ventilation, and duration of O2 supplementation, were also assessed.
Results:
The prevalence of hypertension in symptomatic COVID-19 positive patients was 50/300 (16%; the prevalence of hypertension in Qatari adults is ~30%). Hypertensive patients had a higher prevalence of DM, CKD, and cardiac dysfunction compared to normotensive patients (p<0.01).They had a higher Charlson Co-morbidity score (2.3±1.8) compared to the normotensive patients (0.4±0.9) (p<0.01). Clinically and radiologically, hypertensive patients had significantly higher percentage of pneumonia, severe pneumonia, and ARDS versus normotensive patients (p<0.01). CBC and differential WBC did not differ between hypertensive and normotensive patients. Hypertensive patients had significantly higher CRP(58.5±84), compared to normotensive patients (28±59) (p<0.01). Furthermore, a longer duration of hospitalization, intensive care unit (ICU) stay, mechanical ventilation and oxygen therapy versus normotensive patients was also observed. CRP was correlated significantly with the duration of stay in the ICU and the duration for oxygen supplementation (r=0.56 and 0.61, respectively; p<0.01).
Conclusions:
Hypertensive patients with COVID-19 had a higher inflammatory response (higher CRP levels), a significant increase of comorbidities, and a more aggressive course of the disease necessitating a higher rate of ICU admission, longer requirement for hospitalization and oxygen use compared to normotensive patients.
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