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Tissue Chips and Microphysiological Systems for Disease Modeling and Drug Testing.

Leslie Donoghue1,2, Khanh T Nguyen1,2, Caleb Graham1,2

  • 1Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA.

Micromachines
|February 2, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Tissue chips (TCs) and microphysiological systems (MPSs) offer advanced human cell-based models for disease and drug screening, replacing animal studies. This review details their design, function, and future potential in medicine.

Keywords:
body-on-a-chipmicrofluidicsmicrophysiological systemsorgan-on-a-chiptissue chipstissue-on-a-chip

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Drug Discovery

Background:

  • Tissue chips (TCs) and microphysiological systems (MPSs) utilize human cells for disease modeling and drug screening.
  • These platforms offer a promising alternative to traditional animal testing methods in research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define TCs and MPSs.
  • To examine critical parameters for tissue organization and function.
  • To review microfluidic approaches and discuss future directions for TCs and MPSs.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on TCs and MPSs.
  • Analysis of microfluidic and microfabrication techniques.
  • Focus on hepatic, renal, and cardiovascular systems.

Main Results:

  • Identification of key parameters: tissue organization, blood flow, and physical stresses.
  • Examination of microfluidic approaches for recreating specific organ tissues.
  • Highlighting of current limitations and future research avenues.

Conclusions:

  • TCs and MPSs are valuable tools for understanding disease and evaluating drug efficacy and toxicity.
  • Further development is needed to optimize TCs and MPSs for broader applications.
  • This review serves as a foundational resource for researchers in the field.