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Related Concept Videos

CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing01:28

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The CRISPR-Cas system serves as a bacterial defense mechanism against invading genetic elements such as viruses and plasmids, forming the foundation for its adaptation as a powerful genome-editing tool. Originally discovered in prokaryotes, this system has been repurposed to revolutionize genetic engineering across a wide range of organisms, including plants, animals, and humans. The core component, Cas9, is an endonuclease derived from Streptococcus pyogenes, capable of introducing...
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Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced...
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Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
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Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
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Updated: Nov 19, 2025

High-throughput CRISPR Vector Construction and Characterization of DNA Modifications by Generation of Tomato Hairy Roots
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CRISPR-based tools for plant genome engineering.

Nathalia Volpi E Silva1,2, Nicola J Patron2

  • 1Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil.

Emerging Topics in Life Sciences
|February 2, 2021
PubMed
Summary

CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) technology enables precise gene editing in plants, facilitating targeted mutations and DNA integration. This review explores advanced CRISPR toolkits for plant genetic engineering.

Keywords:
CRISPRDNA assemblygenome editinggenome engineering

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Science
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Bacterial CRISPR adaptive immune systems have been successfully adapted as molecular tools for plant genetic engineering.
  • These tools allow for targeted mutations and precise DNA integration into plant genomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review CRISPR-derived toolkits for targeted mutagenesis, gene delivery, and gene expression modulation in plants.
  • To focus on the composition and reprogramming strategies for specific genomic target recognition.

Main Methods:

  • Review of CRISPR-mediated gene editing techniques in various plant species.
  • Exploration of cloning strategies for multiplexed CRISPR editing.
  • Analysis of modified Cas9 proteins and alternative nucleases for expanded targeting.
  • Investigation of direct protein-RNA complex delivery methods.

Main Results:

  • CRISPR tools facilitate targeted mutagenesis and DNA integration in a wide range of plant species.
  • Multiplexed editing is enabled by advanced cloning techniques.
  • Modified nucleases and direct delivery methods expand targeting scope and reduce foreign DNA integration.

Conclusions:

  • CRISPR technology offers versatile solutions for plant genetic engineering, including precise gene editing and expression modulation.
  • Ongoing advancements in CRISPR toolkits enhance targeting capabilities and delivery strategies for plant biotechnology.