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Related Concept Videos

Gene Regulation in Microbial Communities: Quorum Sensing01:28

Gene Regulation in Microbial Communities: Quorum Sensing

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Quorum sensing is a mechanism of bacterial communication that enables coordinated gene expression in response to changes in population density. This facilitates collective behaviors that enhance survival, resource acquisition, and ecological adaptation. This process relies on small signaling molecules called autoinducers that accumulate as bacterial populations grow. When a critical threshold concentration of autoinducers is reached, bacterial cells collectively modify gene expression,...
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Bacterial signaling can occur within bacteria (intracellular) or between bacteria (intercellular). At times, a group of bacteria behaves like a community. To achieve this, they engage in quorum sensing, the perception of higher cell density that causes changes in gene expression. Quorum sensing involves both extracellular and intracellular signaling. The signaling cascade starts with a molecule called an autoinducer (AI). Individual bacteria produce AIs that move out of the bacterial cell...
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Certain biochemical processes, such as embryonic development and cell growth regulation, depend on the repression of specific genes. DNA binding proteins known as eukaryotic transcription inhibitors regulate the repression of gene expression in eukaryotes. The presence of these inhibitors at the required location and time in the cell is triggered by the presence of hormones and additional signals from other cells.
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Biological agents offer an effective means of controlling microbial growth by leveraging natural processes like predation, competition, and the secretion of antimicrobial substances.Predatory bacteria such as Bdellovibrio species target and kill pathogens like Salmonella and E. coli. They are widely used in poultry farms to control infections. Myxococcus species help combat plant-pathogenic fungi. These naturally occurring predators serve as eco-friendly alternatives to chemical pesticides and...
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Global regulatory systems in bacteria enable rapid and coordinated responses to environmental changes by integrating sensory inputs with gene expression, ensuring efficient adaptation to fluctuating conditions. Key global regulatory mechanisms include regulons, two-component systems, sigma factors, and secondary messengers.Regulons and Global RegulatorsA regulon is a collection of genes and operons controlled by a common global regulator. These regulators enable bacteria to prioritize resource...
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Strategies for inhibiting quorum sensing.

Paul Williams1

  • 1Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K.

Emerging Topics in Life Sciences
|February 2, 2021
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Summary

Bacterial quorum sensing (QS) regulates virulence and biofilm formation, making it a promising target for new antibacterial strategies. Inhibitors of QS (QSIs) show potential but require further research before clinical application.

Keywords:
Pseudomonas aeruginosaalkylquinolonesantibioticsquorum sensingquorum sensing inhibitors

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Bacterial Pathogenesis
  • Drug Discovery

Background:

  • Quorum sensing (QS) is a cell-to-cell communication mechanism enabling bacteria to coordinate group behaviors.
  • QS regulates virulence, biofilm formation, and adaptation, making it crucial for pathogenic bacteria.
  • QS control is a key factor in bacterial survival against host defenses and antimicrobial agents.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore quorum sensing (QS) as a target for novel antibacterial agents.
  • To review the progress in developing QS inhibitors (QSIs) for combating bacterial infections.
  • To assess the potential and challenges of QSIs in clinical settings.

Main Methods:

  • Review of chemical biology of QS systems and inhibitors.
  • Identification of druggable molecular targets within QS pathways (biosynthesis enzymes, receptors).
  • Analysis of QSI screening methods and identified inhibitors.

Main Results:

  • Significant advances in understanding QS and developing QSIs.
  • Identification of specific QS targets and successful QSI screening.
  • Challenges remain in optimizing QSI pharmacological and pharmacokinetic properties.

Conclusions:

  • QSIs represent a promising strategy for novel antibacterial therapies, particularly against major pathogens.
  • Further in vivo evaluation of QSIs alone or in combination with antibiotics is essential.
  • Clinical translation requires rigorous assessment of efficacy, safety, and impact on bacterial clearance and host response.