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Related Concept Videos

Classification of Epithelial Tissues: Simple Epithelium01:30

Classification of Epithelial Tissues: Simple Epithelium

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Simple epithelium consists of a single layer of cells that lines body cavities and blood vessels. The shape of the cells in the epithelium reflects the function of the tissue. Cells in simple squamous epithelium appear as thin scales with flat, elliptical nuclei that mirror the form of the cell.
Because of the thinness of the cells, simple squamous epithelium is present where the rapid passage of chemical compounds is observed. For example, the endothelium that lines the capillaries and vessels...
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Classification of Epithelial Tissues: Glandular Epithelium01:20

Classification of Epithelial Tissues: Glandular Epithelium

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The glandular epithelium is made of one or more epithelial cells modified to synthesize and secrete chemical substances. Glandular epithelia can be classified based on cell number. Unicellular glands have individual secretory cells scattered across the epithelial monolayer. In contrast, multicellular glands consist of a hollow tubular duct attached to the cluster of secretory cells located in the deep pockets.
Multicellular glands are formed during early development when epithelial budding...
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Classification of Epithelial Tissues: Overview01:22

Classification of Epithelial Tissues: Overview

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Epithelial tissues are classified according to the shape of the cells and the number of cell layers formed. Cell shapes can be squamous (flattened and thin), cuboidal (square-like, as wide as it is tall), or columnar (rectangular, taller than it is wide). Additionally, the nucleus shape helps identify the type of epithelial cells. Squamous cells have flattened disc-shaped nuclei, cuboidal cells have spherical nuclei, and columnar cells have elongated nuclei.
Based on the number of cell layers,...
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Classification of Epithelial Tissues: Stratified Epithelium01:29

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Stratified epithelium consists of several stacked layers of cells. They provide the durability to withstand constant physical and chemical attacks. Stratified epithelium is named after the shape of the most apical layer of cells. Stratified squamous epithelium is the most common type found in the human body. In this tissue, the apical cells are squamous, whereas the basal layer contains either columnar or cuboidal cells. The basal cells divide to form new daughter cells, which gradually become...
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Metastasis02:30

Metastasis

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Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the original site to distant locations in the body. Cancer cells can spread via blood vessels (hematogenous) as well as lymph vessels in the body.
Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition or EMT is a developmental process commonly observed in wound healing, embryogenesis, and cancer metastasis. EMT is induced by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) or receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) ligands, which further...
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Epithelial Tissues and Their Functions01:23

Epithelial Tissues and Their Functions

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Epithelial tissues are large sheets of cells covering all of the surfaces of the body. These surfaces can be internal or external, for example, skin, airways, the digestive tract, the urinary system, and the reproductive system. Hollow organs and body cavities that do not connect to the body's exterior, including blood vessels and serous membranes, are lined by epithelial tissue known as the endothelium.
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Induction and Analysis of Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition
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Epithelial-Myoepithelial Carcinoma.

Masato Nakaguro1, Toshitaka Nagao2

  • 1Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nagoya University Hospital, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan. Electronic address: https://twitter.com/assamusic.

Surgical Pathology Clinics
|February 2, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma, a rare salivary gland cancer, presents diagnostic challenges due to varied histology. HRAS mutations offer a key diagnostic marker for this specific tumor.

Keywords:
Biphasic differentiationEpithelial-myoepithelial carcinomaHRASSalivary gland tumor

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Pathology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma (EMC) is a rare, low-grade salivary gland malignancy.
  • Its classic biphasic structure involves inner ductal and outer myoepithelial cells.
  • Histologic variability, including cribriform patterns and sebaceous differentiation, complicates diagnosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the diagnostic challenges of epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma.
  • To identify specific genetic markers for accurate diagnosis.
  • To differentiate EMC from other salivary gland tumors with similar features.

Main Methods:

  • Review of histologic features of epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma.
  • Analysis of genetic mutations in salivary gland tumors.
  • Comparative study of EMC with benign and malignant salivary gland neoplasms.

Main Results:

  • Epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma exhibits diverse histologic presentations.
  • Clear myoepithelial cells are present in various salivary gland tumors, increasing diagnostic difficulty.
  • HRAS hotspot point mutations were specifically identified in epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma.

Conclusions:

  • The histologic heterogeneity of epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma poses diagnostic challenges.
  • Genetic assessment, particularly for HRAS mutations, is crucial for accurate diagnosis.
  • Identifying HRAS mutations aids in distinguishing epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma from other salivary gland tumors.