Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Mitral Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:23

Mitral Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

140
Mitral regurgitation (MR) is a valvular heart disorder in which the mitral valve fails to close tightly, allowing blood to leak backward into the heart. Understanding the clinical manifestations, assessment, diagnostic findings, and medical management of MR is crucial to effectively managing affected patients.Clinical Manifestations of Mitral RegurgitationMitral regurgitation can be acute or chronic, each presenting differently and requiring different approaches:1. Acute Mitral...
140
Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction01:20

Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction

173
Mitral regurgitation is characterized by the backward circulation of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium during systole, a phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart contracts and pumps blood out of the chambers. This abnormal flow occurs primarily due to the dysfunction of the mitral valve or its supporting structures, which include the mitral leaflets, chordae tendineae, annulus, and papillary muscles.Etiology and Mechanisms:Primary Mitral Regurgitation: This type arises from...
173
Mitral Stenosis II: Clinical features and Diagnostic Tests01:23

Mitral Stenosis II: Clinical features and Diagnostic Tests

85
Mitral stenosis is a heart condition in which the mitral valve, which allows blood to flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle, becomes narrowed or stenotic. This narrowing hinders blood flow and leads to clinical symptoms requiring specific medical evaluations and management strategies. The following overview outlines the clinical symptoms, assessments, diagnostic findings, prevention methods, and treatments for mitral stenosis.Clinical ManifestationsDyspnea (shortness of breath): This...
85
Mitral Regurgitation III: Medical Management01:25

Mitral Regurgitation III: Medical Management

124
Mitral regurgitation (MR) is characterized by retrograde blood circulation from the left ventricle into the left atrium due to inadequate mitral valve closure. The severity of the condition, symptoms, and underlying cause determine treatment strategies.Monitoring and Pharmacological TreatmentPatients with mild to moderate MR typically do not need immediate intervention but regular monitoring to assess progression and guide treatment. Patients with mild MR should have an echocardiogram every 3-5...
124
Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:22

Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

189
Aortic valve regurgitation (AR) occurs when the aortic valve fails to close properly, allowing blood to flow backward from the aorta into the left ventricle. This backflow can result in two distinct clinical presentations: acute and chronic AR, each characterized by its own set of symptoms and physical findings.Acute Aortic RegurgitationAcute AR presents with a sudden onset of severe symptoms. Patients typically experience profound dyspnea (shortness of breath), chest pain, and signs of left...
189
Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction01:27

Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction

158
IntroductionThe mitral valve, one of the heart's four valves, regulates blood flow. These valves have flaps that open and close to direct blood properly through the heart and body. During each heartbeat, the flaps open for blood to pass through and seal shut to prevent backflow. Specifically, the mitral valve opens to allow blood flow from the heart's upper left chamber to the lower left chamber. It then closes securely as the lower left chamber contracts to pump blood to the body, preventing...
158

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Long-Term Outcomes of Paroxysmal and Persistent Atrial Fibrillation Management Strategy During Nonemergent Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery.

The Annals of thoracic surgery·2026
Same author

Left Ventricular Geometry Improves Prediction of Sex-Specific Post-TAVR Remodeling in Aortic Stenosis.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2026
Same author

Long-Term Outcomes of Repeated Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement vs Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement Explantation: A Nationwide Analysis.

The Annals of thoracic surgery·2026
Same author

Refined Myocardium Segmentation from CT Using a Hybrid-Fusion Transformer.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

Potential Uses and Challenges of Three-dimensional Printing in Cardiothoracic Surgery in Africa - a Narrative Review.

Brazilian journal of cardiovascular surgery·2025
Same author

A Multi-Institutional Study on the Prevalence and Clinical Impact of Patient-Prosthesis Mismatch in Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement.

The Annals of thoracic surgery·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 19, 2025

Estimating Bilateral Atrial Function by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Feature Tracking in Patients with Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation
08:10

Estimating Bilateral Atrial Function by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Feature Tracking in Patients with Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation

Published on: July 20, 2022

1.9K

Atrial functional versus ventricular functional mitral regurgitation: Prognostic implications.

Sameer A Hirji1, Claudia L Cote2, Hoda Javadikasgari1

  • 1Division of Cardiac Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.

The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery
|February 2, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Atrial functional mitral regurgitation (FMR) patients have better outcomes than ventricular FMR patients. Differentiating these FMR types is crucial for tailored management strategies.

Keywords:
atrial fibrillationfunctional mitral regurgitation

More Related Videos

A Simplified Stepwise Approach to Echo Guidance during Percutaneous Mitral Valve Repair
08:31

A Simplified Stepwise Approach to Echo Guidance during Percutaneous Mitral Valve Repair

Published on: October 16, 2021

4.1K
An Image Guided Transapical Mitral Valve Leaflet Puncture Model of Controlled Volume Overload from Mitral Regurgitation in the Rat
07:42

An Image Guided Transapical Mitral Valve Leaflet Puncture Model of Controlled Volume Overload from Mitral Regurgitation in the Rat

Published on: May 19, 2020

7.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 19, 2025

Estimating Bilateral Atrial Function by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Feature Tracking in Patients with Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation
08:10

Estimating Bilateral Atrial Function by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Feature Tracking in Patients with Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation

Published on: July 20, 2022

1.9K
A Simplified Stepwise Approach to Echo Guidance during Percutaneous Mitral Valve Repair
08:31

A Simplified Stepwise Approach to Echo Guidance during Percutaneous Mitral Valve Repair

Published on: October 16, 2021

4.1K
An Image Guided Transapical Mitral Valve Leaflet Puncture Model of Controlled Volume Overload from Mitral Regurgitation in the Rat
07:42

An Image Guided Transapical Mitral Valve Leaflet Puncture Model of Controlled Volume Overload from Mitral Regurgitation in the Rat

Published on: May 19, 2020

7.3K

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Cardiac Surgery
  • Heart Valve Disease

Background:

  • Atrial functional mitral regurgitation (FMR) stems from left atrial enlargement or atrial fibrillation in heart failure with preserved left ventricular (LV) function.
  • Ventricular FMR arises from LV dysfunction.
  • Current guidelines do not differentiate between these distinct FMR etiologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the baseline characteristics and outcomes of patients with atrial FMR versus ventricular FMR.
  • To highlight the clinical significance of differentiating FMR etiologies.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of adult patients with severe mitral regurgitation undergoing valve repair or replacement from January 2002 to March 2019.
  • Comparison of postoperative outcomes and midterm time-to-event rates (survival, reoperation) between atrial FMR and ventricular FMR cohorts.

Main Results:

  • 94 atrial FMR and 84 ventricular FMR patients were identified, with distinct baseline cardiac morphology and function.
  • Atrial FMR cohort showed lower rates of heart failure, LV dilation, and right heart dysfunction.
  • Atrial FMR patients experienced significantly higher survival and freedom from reoperation rates at 5 and 10 years, with lower operative mortality.

Conclusions:

  • Significant differences in baseline characteristics and outcomes exist between atrial FMR and ventricular FMR.
  • Early discrimination between atrial and ventricular FMR is essential for developing personalized management strategies.
  • Recognizing these differences can improve patient care and treatment approaches for functional mitral regurgitation.