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Measuring implementation of medication optimization services: Development and validation of an implementation
Melanie Livet1, Carrie Blanchard1, Chloe Richard1
1Center for Medication Optimization (CMO), Division of Practice Advancement and Clinical Education, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.
Research in Social & Administrative Pharmacy : RSAP
|February 2, 2021
Summary
This study developed and validated the Implementation Outcomes Questionnaire (IOQ) for medication optimization services. The IOQ measures key implementation outcomes, aiding in achieving better clinical results.
Area of Science:
- Implementation Science
- Health Services Research
- Psychometrics
Background:
- Implementation outcomes are crucial for assessing service delivery and achieving clinical results.
- Existing implementation outcome measures lack psychometric validation and are not tailored for medication optimization services.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop and validate the Implementation Outcomes Questionnaire (IOQ) for medication optimization services, beginning with Comprehensive Medication Management (CMM).
- The IOQ is a 40-item self-report instrument designed to assess six implementation outcomes: adoption, acceptability, feasibility, appropriateness, penetration, and sustainability.
Main Methods:
- A three-phase approach was employed: instrument development (literature search, expert review, item adaptation), content validity assessment (internal vetting), and reliability/construct validity testing (pilot study).
- The pilot study involved 167 pharmacists across 78 care settings to gather psychometric evidence.
Main Results:
- The IOQ demonstrated good reliability and validity (content and construct), with high item relevance and clarity, although refinement was needed for 'Penetration' items.
- Multifactorial analysis provided insights into factor structures and interpretation, with Cronbach's alphas indicating good internal consistency.
Conclusions:
- The IOQ is the first questionnaire specifically designed for medication optimization services, starting with CMM.
- This validated instrument is expected to facilitate the measurement of implementation outcomes, thereby enhancing the achievement of desired clinical outcomes.
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