Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens01:31

Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens

1.8K
The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...
1.8K
Development of Antibiotic Resistance01:30

Development of Antibiotic Resistance

803
Antibiotic resistance is a major public health concern that arises when bacteria evolve mechanisms to withstand the effects of antibiotic treatments. This resistance can be intrinsic, acquired through genetic mutations, or transferred between bacteria via horizontal gene transfer. The development of antibiotic resistance poses significant challenges in treating bacterial infections and necessitates ongoing research to develop new therapeutic strategies.Intrinsic resistance occurs when bacterial...
803
Urine Studies II: Urine Culture and Sensitivity Test01:26

Urine Studies II: Urine Culture and Sensitivity Test

364
A urine culture and sensitivity test is a diagnostic procedure used to identify urinary tract bacterial infections and determine the most effective antibiotics for treatment. This test is generally preferred when a patient shows manifestations of a urinary tract infection, such as frequent or painful urination, cloudy or foul-smelling urine, or lower abdominal pain.Purpose of the TestThe primary goals of a urine culture and sensitivity test are to:Determine the specific bacteria causing the...
364
Gene Regulation in Microbial Communities: Quorum Sensing01:28

Gene Regulation in Microbial Communities: Quorum Sensing

244
Quorum sensing is a mechanism of bacterial communication that enables coordinated gene expression in response to changes in population density. This facilitates collective behaviors that enhance survival, resource acquisition, and ecological adaptation. This process relies on small signaling molecules called autoinducers that accumulate as bacterial populations grow. When a critical threshold concentration of autoinducers is reached, bacterial cells collectively modify gene expression,...
244
Antibiotic Selection00:57

Antibiotic Selection

57.5K
Overview
57.5K
Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures01:22

Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures

3.4K
Essential infection prevention measures are based on the knowledge of the infection chain, the modes of transmission in healthcare settings, and the use of the best practices in all healthcare settings. Compulsory public reporting of healthcare-associated infection rates is needed to allow individuals and the community to make informed choices regarding selecting a healthcare facility.
The best practices for preventing healthcare-associated infections include hand hygiene, patient risk...
3.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Palmitoleic acid drives gentamicin influx to outpace aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes and overcome resistance.

npj antimicrobials and resistance·2026
Same author

Loss of O-antigen due to <i>wbbL</i> mutations is common and associated with increased mortality in <i>Escherichia coli</i> bloodstream infections.

Science advances·2026
Same author

Distinct and shared impacts of virulence plasmids on the phenotype and transcriptome in convergent carbapenem-resistant and hypervirulent <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>.

Microbiology spectrum·2026
Same author

The innate immune protein calprotectin ablates the bactericidal activity of β-lactam antibiotics.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

Antibiotics accumulate in <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> liver abscesses but fail to eliminate antibiotic-tolerant populations.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2025
Same author

A host-directed adjuvant sensitizes intracellular bacterial persisters to antibiotics.

Nature microbiology·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 19, 2025

Development and Assessment of Intracellular Infection Models for Staphylococcus aureus
08:32

Development and Assessment of Intracellular Infection Models for Staphylococcus aureus

Published on: January 17, 2025

920

Recalcitrant Staphylococcus aureus Infections: Obstacles and Solutions.

Sarah E Rowe1, Jenna E Beam1, Brian P Conlon2,3

  • 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.

Infection and Immunity
|February 2, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Antibiotic treatment failure in Staphylococcus aureus infections is common due to bacterial tolerance and poor drug penetration. Strategies targeting tolerant cells in biofilms and macrophages are crucial for effective treatment.

Keywords:
Staphylococcus aureusantibiotic tolerancepersisters

More Related Videos

Targeting Biofilm Associated Staphylococcus aureus Using Resazurin Based Drug-susceptibility Assay
10:00

Targeting Biofilm Associated Staphylococcus aureus Using Resazurin Based Drug-susceptibility Assay

Published on: May 5, 2016

13.5K
Experimental Endocarditis Model of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus MRSA in Rat
07:46

Experimental Endocarditis Model of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus MRSA in Rat

Published on: June 4, 2012

16.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 19, 2025

Development and Assessment of Intracellular Infection Models for Staphylococcus aureus
08:32

Development and Assessment of Intracellular Infection Models for Staphylococcus aureus

Published on: January 17, 2025

920
Targeting Biofilm Associated Staphylococcus aureus Using Resazurin Based Drug-susceptibility Assay
10:00

Targeting Biofilm Associated Staphylococcus aureus Using Resazurin Based Drug-susceptibility Assay

Published on: May 5, 2016

13.5K
Experimental Endocarditis Model of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus MRSA in Rat
07:46

Experimental Endocarditis Model of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus MRSA in Rat

Published on: June 4, 2012

16.4K

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Antibiotic treatment failure for Staphylococcus aureus infections is a significant clinical challenge.
  • Bacterial antibiotic resistance is exacerbated by factors beyond genetic encoding, limiting antibiotic efficacy in vivo.
  • Staphylococcus aureus exhibits tolerance by entering physiological states resistant to antibiotics, forming persister cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate barriers to antibiotic efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus.
  • To examine antibiotic tolerance in Staphylococcus aureus within specific host niches.
  • To explore potential strategies for overcoming antibiotic recalcitrance in Staphylococcus aureus infections.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on Staphylococcus aureus antibiotic tolerance and resistance mechanisms.
  • Analysis of factors affecting antibiotic penetration into various host tissues and cell types.
  • Examination of biofilm and macrophage environments as reservoirs for antibiotic-tolerant Staphylococcus aureus.

Main Results:

  • Staphylococcus aureus employs multiple pathways to achieve antibiotic tolerance, including the formation of persister cells.
  • The pathogen's ability to infect diverse tissues and invade poorly penetrable cell types creates barriers to antibiotic treatment.
  • Biofilms and macrophages represent key niches where Staphylococcus aureus exhibits significant antibiotic tolerance.

Conclusions:

  • A single solution for recalcitrant Staphylococcus aureus infections is unlikely due to the pathogen's versatility.
  • Targeting tolerant cells, sensitizing persisters, or improving antibiotic penetration are potential strategies.
  • Addressing antibiotic tolerance within specific niches like biofilms and macrophages is essential for improving treatment outcomes.