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Related Concept Videos

Secondary Healthcare System01:11

Secondary Healthcare System

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Secondary healthcare is offered by a specialist, generally in hospitals or clinics for patients referred by primary healthcare providers. It occurs when a person has an illness or injury that requires specific medical care. Secondary care is often referred to as acute care. Secondary care can range from uncomplicated care to repair a minor laceration or treat a strep throat infection to more complicated emergent care, such as treating a head injury sustained in an automobile accident. Whatever...
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Health Information Technology and Healthcare Information System01:30

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Health Information Technology (HIT)
Health Information Technology, commonly called HIT, integrates advanced information systems and technology in healthcare settings. Its primary functions include:
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Tertiary Healthcare System01:21

Tertiary Healthcare System

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Specialized care provided over an extended period is called tertiary care. Usually, a primary or secondary care physician will refer a patient to tertiary care. A patient's maximum physical and mental function is restored in tertiary care, which is caused due to the impact of a chronic illness or condition. Tertiary care aims to achieve the highest level of functioning possible while managing chronic illness. For example, a patient who falls and fractures their hip will need secondary care...
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Integrated Healthcare System01:20

Integrated Healthcare System

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An integrated healthcare system (IHS) is a set of organizations that provides for or arranges to provide coordinated and continuous service to a defined population. The IHS takes responsibility for that particular population's health status and outcome, both clinically and fiscally. An integrated healthcare system is a well-organized, well-coordinated, and collaborative network. The integrated delivery system is a network that connects different healthcare providers to deliver organized,...
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Traditional Level Of Health Care System01:26

Traditional Level Of Health Care System

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The levels of care describe the services provided in the healthcare system. Accordingly, there are six levels of the traditional healthcare system in the US: preventive, primary, secondary, tertiary, restorative, and continuing healthcare. A nurse must understand how the healthcare industry organizes and provides services within these levels of care.
The preventive healthcare service includes tests for screening. Preventive health care services include identifying and reducing disease risk...
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Introduction To Health Care Delivery System01:18

Introduction To Health Care Delivery System

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The healthcare system is constantly changing and complex. Various services are available from different healthcare providers, but gaining access to these services has become challenging for people with limited healthcare insurance. Uninsured people present a challenge to healthcare because they frequently postpone or forego treatment.
The Institute of Medicine (IOM) advocates for a patient-centered, effective, safe, timely, equitable, and effective healthcare system. The National Priorities...
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Canada: Health System Review.

Gregory P Marchildon1, Sara Allin1, Sherry Merkur2

  • 1University of Toronto.

Health Systems in Transition
|February 2, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Canada

Area of Science:

  • Health Policy
  • Health Services Research
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Canada's health system faces challenges including socioeconomic inequalities and Indigenous health outcome gaps.
  • Life expectancy plateaued due to the opioid crisis, highlighting public health concerns.
  • The federal-provincial structure impacts health care delivery and governance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze recent developments in Canada's health system organization, financing, provision, reforms, and performance.
  • To identify persistent challenges and areas for improvement within Canadian healthcare.
  • To review the impact of national standards and provincial administration on health outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent developments in Canadian health system organization and governance.

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  • Analysis of health financing mechanisms, including public and private expenditures.
  • Examination of health care provision, reforms, and system performance metrics.
  • Main Results:

    • Significant socioeconomic and Indigenous health disparities persist.
    • Gaps in public coverage (e.g., drugs, dental, mental health) necessitate private insurance and out-of-pocket payments.
    • Physician and nurse shortages are prominent in rural and remote regions.
    • Recent reforms focus on governance consolidation and Indigenous self-governance, with potential shifts due to COVID-19.
    • While some performance indicators improved (e.g., mortality rates), challenges like wait times and fragmented care remain.

    Conclusions:

    • Canada's health system demonstrates high life expectancy but faces critical challenges in equity, access to non-universal services, and care coordination.
    • Reforms are underway, but persistent gaps and emerging issues require ongoing attention and strategic policy development.
    • Addressing Indigenous health disparities and improving access to comprehensive care are crucial for future health system performance.