Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra01:19

Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra

597
The lower urinary system consists of the urinary bladder and urethra, which are essential in storing and expelling urine from the body. Together with the internal and external sphincters, these structures work together to regulate urination effectively.Anatomy of the BladderThe urinary bladder is a muscular, stretchable organ behind the pubic bone and in front of the rectum. In females, the bladder is positioned anterior to the vagina and inferior to the uterus, while in males, it is located...
597

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Reply to Emre Karabay's Letter to the Editor re: Ritter Manuel, Stein Johannes, Barber Neil, et al. WATER III: A Prospective, Partially Randomized Trial of Aquablation Therapy Versus Transurethral Laser Enucleation of the Prostate for Treatment of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms. Eur Urol Focus 2026;12:266-74.

European urology focus·2026
Same author

[Transition of Patients with Neurogenic Bladder Dysfunction: Challenges and Unmet Needs in Adult Care].

Aktuelle Urologie·2026
Same author

Precision by recognition: smarter firing for better lithotripsy.

BJU international·2026
Same author

Cytokine-induced killer (CIK) Cells-associated transcriptome signature reveals the potential immunomodulatory role of TNFSF14 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII·2026
Same author

Quantifying the Renal Impact of [<sup>177</sup>Lu]Lu-PSMA-617: A Longitudinal Analysis of Real-World Data from the LUMEN Registry.

Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine·2026
Same author

Structured reporting of B-mode, color Doppler, and CEUS in testicular tumor assessment: a reader study with urologist ratings.

BMC urology·2026
Same journal

Is Nonpapillary Puncture a Feasible Alternative to Papillary Access in Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Journal of endourology·2026
Same journal

Procedure, Safety, and Outcomes of Patient-Controlled Sedation in Ureteroscopic Lithotripsy: A 7-Year Cohort Study.

Journal of endourology·2026
Same journal

Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer in Patients Undergoing Holmium Laser Enucleation of Prostate for Benign Hyperplasia: A Preoperative Nomogram and a Postoperative Surveillance Protocol.

Journal of endourology·2026
Same journal

Bubble Trouble: The Thermal Risk of Ureteral Laser Lithotripsy in an Air Bubble.

Journal of endourology·2026
Same journal

Development of an Interpretable Machine Learning Model for Predicting Clavien-Dindo Grade ≥2 Complications after Unilateral Minimally Invasive Pyeloplasty in UPJO: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Journal of endourology·2026
Same journal

Comparison of Appendiceal Onlay Ureteroplasty and Appendiceal Interposition Ureteroplasty for Complex Proximal Ureteral Strictures in Children: Insights Gained from Long-Term Follow-Up.

Journal of endourology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 19, 2025

Development and Evaluation of 3D-Printed Cardiovascular Phantoms for Interventional Planning and Training
09:57

Development and Evaluation of 3D-Printed Cardiovascular Phantoms for Interventional Planning and Training

Published on: January 18, 2021

4.3K

Endourological Training Using 3D-Printed Bladder Phantoms: Development and Prospective Evaluation.

Frank Waldbillig1,2, Lennard von Rohr1, Malin Nientiedt1

  • 1Department of Urology and Urosurgery, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.

Journal of Endourology
|February 2, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new 3D-printed bladder phantom, BladCap, offers a realistic and user-friendly tool for endourological training. This inexpensive and robust device demonstrates construct validity for improving cystoscopy skills in medical students and urologists.

Keywords:
cystoscopyeducationendoscopysimulatorsurgical trainingurology

More Related Videos

Evaluation of Biomaterials for Bladder Augmentation using Cystometric Analyses in Various Rodent Models
10:19

Evaluation of Biomaterials for Bladder Augmentation using Cystometric Analyses in Various Rodent Models

Published on: August 9, 2012

19.6K
Multimodal 3D Printing of Phantoms to Simulate Biological Tissue
05:11

Multimodal 3D Printing of Phantoms to Simulate Biological Tissue

Published on: January 11, 2020

7.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 19, 2025

Development and Evaluation of 3D-Printed Cardiovascular Phantoms for Interventional Planning and Training
09:57

Development and Evaluation of 3D-Printed Cardiovascular Phantoms for Interventional Planning and Training

Published on: January 18, 2021

4.3K
Evaluation of Biomaterials for Bladder Augmentation using Cystometric Analyses in Various Rodent Models
10:19

Evaluation of Biomaterials for Bladder Augmentation using Cystometric Analyses in Various Rodent Models

Published on: August 9, 2012

19.6K
Multimodal 3D Printing of Phantoms to Simulate Biological Tissue
05:11

Multimodal 3D Printing of Phantoms to Simulate Biological Tissue

Published on: January 11, 2020

7.8K

Area of Science:

  • Medical Simulation and Training
  • Urology
  • 3D Printing in Healthcare

Background:

  • Endourological procedures require specialized skills and practice.
  • Existing training phantoms may lack realism, accuracy, or user-friendliness.
  • A need exists for reproducible and cost-effective training tools for endourology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and assess a realistic, anatomically accurate, and user-friendly bladder phantom for endourological training.
  • To evaluate the phantom's content and response process evidence for skill acquisition.
  • To establish construct validity for the bladder phantom as a clinical training device.

Main Methods:

  • A 3D bladder model was created from human CT datasets.
  • The phantom (BladCap) underwent usability evaluation using the System Usability Scale (SUS) and Likert questionnaires.
  • Task execution (cystoscopy, guidewire insertion, tumor biopsy) was assessed in two training sessions for urologists and medical students, with time measurements and Global Psychomotor Assessment Score (GPSS) recorded.

Main Results:

  • Urologists rated the phantom with an excellent SUS score (89.4 ± 5.9), indicating high content validity.
  • Significant improvements in task completion times and GPSS were observed between the first and second training sessions for both urologists and medical students (p < 0.001).
  • Statistically significant differences in performance were noted between experienced urologists and novice medical students across all tasks and sessions (p < 0.001).

Conclusions:

  • The BladCap is a low-fidelity, inexpensive, easy-to-assemble, and robust 3D-printed bladder phantom.
  • The phantom demonstrates construct validity, showing significant learning effects and skill improvement.
  • BladCap is a valuable and validated tool for reproducible endourological training and endoscope mastery.