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Entangled photons from subwavelength nonlinear films.

Tomás Santiago-Cruz, Vitaliy Sultanov, Haizhong Zhang

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    Researchers developed miniaturized entangled photon sources using subwavelength films for integrated quantum photonics. This work demonstrates high-quality photon pair generation via spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC), paving the way for quantum optical metasurfaces (QOMs).

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    Area of Science:

    • Quantum Photonics
    • Metasurfaces
    • Nonlinear Optics

    Background:

    • Integrated quantum photonics requires miniaturized entangled photon sources.
    • Subwavelength metasurfaces are promising for on-chip quantum light generation.
    • Spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) is a key process for photon pair creation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To demonstrate entangled photon generation from subwavelength films as a step towards quantum optical metasurfaces (QOMs).
    • To characterize the performance of SPDC in lithium niobate and gallium phosphide nanofilms.

    Main Methods:

    • Fabrication of subwavelength nonlinear nanofilms (lithium niobate and gallium phosphide).
    • Generation and detection of entangled photon pairs via spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC).
    • Fiber spectroscopy of SPDC to measure spectral bandwidth and analyze resonance effects.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved high-quality entangled photon pair generation with a high coincidence-to-accidental ratio.
    • Measured a broad SPDC spectrum (500 nm bandwidth) limited by detection efficiency.
    • Observed vacuum field enhancement due to Fabry-Perot resonance within the nonlinear films.

    Conclusions:

    • Subwavelength nonlinear films are viable platforms for generating entangled photons.
    • The observed spectral features suggest strategies for enhancing SPDC from future QOMs.
    • This research lays the foundation for developing compact, flat SPDC sources for integrated quantum technologies.