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Related Concept Videos

Viscosity01:17

Viscosity

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When water is poured into a glass, it falls freely and quickly, whereas if honey or maple syrup is poured over a pancake, it flows slowly and sticks to the surface of the container. This difference in the flow of different kinds of liquids arises due to the fluid friction between the liquid layers and the liquid and the surrounding material. This property of fluids is called fluid viscosity. In this example, water has a lower viscosity than honey and maple syrup.
The SI unit of viscosity is...
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Viscosity of Fluid01:19

Viscosity of Fluid

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Viscosity measures the resistance a fluid offers to flow and deformation. It results from internal friction between layers of fluid moving relative to one another. Dynamic viscosity, denoted by the Greek letter mu (μ), quantifies the force needed to move one fluid layer over another. For Newtonian fluids like water and air, the relationship between the shearing stress and the rate of shearing strain is linear, meaning their viscosity remains constant regardless of the applied stress.
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Surface Tension, Capillary Action, and Viscosity02:57

Surface Tension, Capillary Action, and Viscosity

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Surface Tension
The various IMFs between identical molecules of a substance are examples of cohesive forces. The molecules within a liquid are surrounded by other molecules and are attracted equally in all directions by the cohesive forces within the liquid. However, the molecules on the surface of a liquid are attracted only by about one-half as many molecules. Because of the unbalanced molecular attractions on the surface molecules, liquids contract to form a shape that minimizes the number...
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Newtonian Fluid: Problem Solving01:18

Newtonian Fluid: Problem Solving

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Newtonian fluids exhibit a constant viscosity, meaning their shear stress and shear strain rate are directly proportional. This property ensures a predictable and stable response to applied forces, maintaining a linear relationship between force and flow. Examples include water, air, and light oils, consistently demonstrating this proportional behavior regardless of external conditions.
A velocity gradient forms within the fluid when a Newtonian fluid is placed between two parallel plates, with...
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Correlation of Experimental Data01:23

Correlation of Experimental Data

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Dimensional analysis simplifies complex physical problems and guides experimental investigations, but it does not provide complete solutions. It identifies the dimensionless groups that influence a phenomenon, but experimental data is needed to establish the specific relationships and validate theoretical predictions.
For example, a spherical particle moving through a viscous fluid experiences drag. Dimensional analysis shows that the drag force depends on the particle's diameter, velocity,...
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Assessment of blood pressure in brachial artery(two-step method)01:23

Assessment of blood pressure in brachial artery(two-step method)

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Measuring blood pressure is a fundamental skill in healthcare that aids in diagnosing and monitoring hypertension and other cardiovascular conditions. An aneroid sphygmomanometer, commonly used in clinical settings, offers a manual and precise method for blood pressure measurement. The technique for using this instrument involves specific steps that must be carefully executed to ensure accuracy. The following detailed description outlines a two-step technique for assessing blood pressure using...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 19, 2025

Experimental Investigation of Secondary Flow Structures Downstream of a Model Type IV Stent Failure in a 180° Curved Artery Test Section
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Standardization for obtaining blood viscosity: A systematic review.

Marcel Valério de Arruda1, Alana Cruz Silva1, José Carlos Fernandes Galduróz2

  • 1Programa de Pós Graduação em Neurociência e Cognição, Centro de Matemática, Computação e Cognição, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo Andre, Brazil.

European Journal of Haematology
|February 2, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Standardizing blood viscosity (BV) measurement is crucial for understanding its role in disease. Key factors include prompt sample acquisition, appropriate storage temperatures, and specific shear rates for accurate in vivo representation.

Keywords:
bloodhemorheologymeasurement protocolreproducibilityviscosity

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Area of Science:

  • Hemodynamics
  • Biophysics
  • Clinical Pathology

Background:

  • Blood viscosity (BV) is implicated in various pathological processes.
  • Standardization of BV measurement techniques is needed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and evaluate methods for acquiring blood viscosity.
  • To identify critical parameters for standardizing BV measurements.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of 50 articles on BV acquisition methods.
  • Analysis of factors including sample storage, acquisition parameters, and equipment.

Main Results:

  • Prompt sample acquisition and refrigeration at 4°C for extended storage are recommended.
  • Acquisition at 37°C best reflects in vivo conditions.
  • Shear rates between 0.1 and 1000 s⁻¹ are essential for understanding BV.

Conclusions:

  • Standardized BV measurement protocols are necessary for reliable clinical interpretation.
  • Optimal conditions include immediate measurement or refrigerated storage, physiological temperature acquisition, and defined shear rates.