Arginase 1⁺ IL-10⁺ polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells are elevated in patients with active pemphigus...

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous population of immature myeloid cells, which are characterized by their capability to suppress T-cell responses. While MDSCs have been traditionally associated with cancer diseases, their role as regulators of autoimmune diseases is emerging. Pemphigus is a chronic autoimmune blistering skin disease characterized by dysregulated T-cell responses and autoantibody production. The role of MDSCs in pemphigus disease has not been defined yet. The aim of this study was to characterize MDSCs in pemphigus patients and to dissect their relationship with CD4⁺ T-cell subsets and clinical disease assessments. For this purpose, we performed a cross-sectional analysis of 20 patients with pemphigus. Our results indicate that a population of CD66b⁺ CD11b⁺ polymorphonuclear-like MDSCs (PMN-MDSCs) is expanded in the peripheral blood mononuclear cell fraction of pemphigus patients compared to age-matched healthy donors. These PMN-MDSCs have the capability of suppressing allogeneic T-cell proliferation in vitro and show increased expression of characteristic effector molecules such as arginase I and interleukin-10. We further demonstrate that PMN-MDSCs are especially expanded in patients with active pemphigus, but not in patients in remission. Moreover, MDSC frequencies correlate with an increased Th2/Th1 cell ratio. In conclusion, the identification of a functional PMN-MDSC population suggests a possible role of these cells as regulators of Th cell responses in pemphigus.