Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Cognitive Development During Adulthood

Cognitive Development During Adulthood

Cognitive development continues throughout adulthood, undergoing significant shifts across early, middle, and late stages. Individual transition occurs from adolescent idealism to pragmatic and adaptable thinking in early adulthood. During this period, individuals learn to integrate personal beliefs with the recognition that other perspectives are equally valid. Exposure to the complexities of modern society, diverse experiences, and higher education contribute to this adaptive thought process,...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Gestational Intranasal Exposure to Silicon Dioxide Nanoparticles in Rats.

International journal of nanomedicine·2026

Same author

Prediction of cognitive impairment through speech data analysis: A comparative evaluation of deep learning models.

PloS one·2026

Same author

Shape-stabilized phase change materials prepared via mercerization of self-entangled cellulose nanofibrils.

International journal of biological macromolecules·2026

Same author

Systemic proteomic and organ aging signatures associated with plasma Aβ oligomerization in a Korean cohort: a cross-sectional study.

Frontiers in aging neuroscience·2026

Same author

Metadata in Smartphone-Based Cognitive Assessments: Current State and Emerging Evidence in Psychiatric Disorders.

Harvard review of psychiatry·2026

Same author

A Protocol of Korean JOint RegistrY for ALZheimer's Treatment and Diagnostics (JOY-ALZ).

Dementia and neurocognitive disorders·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 19, 2025

Traditional Trail Making Test Modified into Brand-new Assessment Tools: Digital and Walking Trail Making Test

Published on: November 23, 2019

Digital trail making test-black and white: Normal vs MCI.

Chanda Simfukwe¹, Young Chul Youn², Sang Yun Kim³

¹Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, South Korea.

Applied Neuropsychology. Adult

|February 2, 2021

Summary

A new digital Trail Making Test-Black and White (dTMT-B&W) on Android efficiently distinguishes mild cognitive impairment (MCI) from normal controls (NC). This computer version offers improved features for early MCI diagnosis.

Keywords:

Design Trail Making Test mild cognitive impairment mobile application

More Related Videos

The 4 Mountains Test: A Short Test of Spatial Memory with High Sensitivity for the Diagnosis of Pre-dementia Alzheimer's Disease

The 4 Mountains Test: A Short Test of Spatial Memory with High Sensitivity for the Diagnosis of Pre-dementia Alzheimer's Disease

Published on: October 13, 2016

Highlighting and Reducing the Impact of Negative Aging Stereotypes During Older Adults' Cognitive Testing

Highlighting and Reducing the Impact of Negative Aging Stereotypes During Older Adults' Cognitive Testing

Published on: January 24, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 19, 2025

Traditional Trail Making Test Modified into Brand-new Assessment Tools: Digital and Walking Trail Making Test

Published on: November 23, 2019

The 4 Mountains Test: A Short Test of Spatial Memory with High Sensitivity for the Diagnosis of Pre-dementia Alzheimer's Disease

The 4 Mountains Test: A Short Test of Spatial Memory with High Sensitivity for the Diagnosis of Pre-dementia Alzheimer's Disease

Published on: October 13, 2016

Highlighting and Reducing the Impact of Negative Aging Stereotypes During Older Adults' Cognitive Testing

Highlighting and Reducing the Impact of Negative Aging Stereotypes During Older Adults' Cognitive Testing

Published on: January 24, 2020

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cognitive Psychology
Medical Technology

Background:

The Trail Making Test-Black and White (TMT-B&W) is crucial for assessing cognition in conditions like mild cognitive impairment (MCI), dementia, and Alzheimer's disease.
Traditional scoring of the TMT-B&W is time-consuming and labor-intensive for both administrators and patients.
There is a need for more efficient and accessible methods to administer and score cognitive assessments.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and evaluate a computer-based digital version of the TMT-B&W (dTMT-B&W) for Android devices.
To assess the sensitivity of the dTMT-B&W in differentiating between cognitively normal (NC) individuals and those with MCI.
To determine if the dTMT-B&W can maintain concurrent validity with the pen-and-paper TMT-B&W while offering improved efficiency.

Main Methods:

The dTMT-B&W was developed using MIT App Inventor software for Android smartphones and tablets.
A total of 44 participants were enrolled, consisting of 22 NC and 22 individuals with MCI.
Both NC and MCI participants were administered the dTMT-B&W, which mirrors the sequential connection of numbered circles found in the traditional TMT-B&W.

Main Results:

The dTMT-B&W successfully differentiated between cognitively normal (NC) subjects and those with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).
The digital test demonstrated consistency with the original pen-paper TMT-B&W, suggesting comparable validity.
The dTMT-B&W showed a significant correlation with frontal executive functions.

Conclusions:

The developed Android application, dTMT-B&W, is a viable and efficient tool for cognitive assessment.
The dTMT-B&W can aid in the early diagnosis of MCI by correlating with frontal executive function deficits.
This digital tool enhances the efficiency of cognitive testing for MCI detection.