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Parallel Processing

Parallel Processing

The brain processes sensory information rapidly due to parallel processing, which involves sending data across multiple neural pathways at the same time. This method allows the brain to manage various sensory qualities, such as shapes, colors, movements, and locations, all concurrently. For instance, when observing a forest landscape, the brain simultaneously processes the movement of leaves, the shapes of trees, the depth between them, and the various shades of green. This enables a quick and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 19, 2025

Investigating the Deployment of Visual Attention Before Accurate and Averaging Saccades via Eye Tracking and Assessment of Visual Sensitivity

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Alertness Training Increases Visual Processing Speed in Healthy Older Adults.

Melanie D Penning^1,2, Adriana L Ruiz-Rizzo¹, Petra Redel¹

¹Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München.

Psychological Science

|February 2, 2021

Summary

Alertness training significantly improved visual processing speed in older adults. Brain connectivity in the cingulo-opercular network predicted individual training gains.

Keywords:

aging alertness training brain maintenance cingulo-opercular network functional connectivity salience network visual processing speed

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Published on: January 23, 2017

Area of Science:

Cognitive Neuroscience
Aging Research

Background:

Cognitive decline, particularly in visual processing speed (VPS), is a hallmark of aging.
Interventions to enhance cognitive function in older adults are crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine if alertness training enhances VPS in healthy older adults.
To investigate if functional connectivity within the cingulo-opercular network predicts training-induced improvements in VPS.

Main Methods:

Study 1: Randomized controlled trial with 75 older adults in alertness training, active-control, or no-training groups.
Study 2: Resting-state fMRI in 29 older adults before alertness training.
Quantitative VPS assessment using the theory of visual attention.

Main Results:

Alertness training led to significant improvements in VPS compared to control groups.
Pretraining functional connectivity in the cingulo-opercular network correlated with individual VPS training gains.

Conclusions:

Alertness training is an effective method for enhancing visual processing in older adults.
Cingulo-opercular network connectivity serves as a neural marker for predicting training responsiveness.