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Related Concept Videos

Sensory Functions of the Skin01:16

Sensory Functions of the Skin

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The skin is the largest organ of the human body and plays a crucial role in our sensory perception. It contains a vast network of sensory receptors that contribute to the skin's protective function by perceiving physical, biological, and environmental cues and generating relevant responses.
There are two main categories of receptors on the skin: capsulated and non-capsulated. The non-capsulated ones are mainly the pain receptors. The capsulated ones can be further categorized based on the...
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Dry Friction01:30

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Dry friction occurs between two solid surfaces in contact as they attempt to move relative to one another. In daily life, dry friction is encountered in various forms, such as when walking on the ground, sliding an object across a table, or rubbing hands together. Despite its ubiquity, the underlying mechanisms behind dry friction are not readily visible.
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The Tongue and Taste Buds00:49

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Nociception—the ability to feel pain—is essential for an organism’s survival and overall well-being. Noxious stimuli such as piercing pain from a sharp object, heat from an open flame, or contact with corrosive chemicals are first detected by sensory receptors, called nociceptors, located on nerve endings. Nociceptors express ion channels that convert noxious stimuli into electrical signals. When these signals reach the brain via sensory neurons, they are perceived as pain.
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Punishment01:27

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Negative reinforcement and punishment are often confused but serve distinct functions in behavior modification. Reinforcement, whether positive or negative, increases the likelihood of a desired behavior, while punishment decreases it.
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Primary motives such as sleep, sex, and pain avoidance are crucial drivers of behavior in humans and animals. These motives ensure survival, reproductive success, and overall well-being by prompting actions that meet essential bodily needs.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 19, 2025

Cheek Injection Model for Simultaneous Measurement of Pain and Itch-related Behaviors
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[An Itching Pleasure].

Gioia Braun-Meyre1, Corinne Marbet2, Marcel Blickenstorfer2

  • 1Medizinische Universitätsklinik, Kantonsspital Baselland, Laufen.

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|February 3, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Pseudomonas folliculitis, an itchy rash, can result from hot tub use. This condition often resolves with topical treatments, avoiding the need for systemic antibiotics in most cases.

Keywords:
FollikulitisHot-tub dermatitisPseudomonasWhirlpool-Dermatitisfolliculitispseudomonas

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Hot tubs and whirlpools can harbor bacteria, posing a risk for skin infections.
  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common bacterium found in aquatic environments.

Observation:

  • A 50-year-old female presented with an itchy, acneiform exanthema and malaise.
  • The patient reported recent frequent use of a new whirlpool.
  • Initial laboratory tests were unremarkable.

Findings:

  • The patient was diagnosed with Pseudomonas folliculitis based on clinical presentation and history.
  • Bacterial culture of pustules confirmed the presence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
  • The rash resolved within days with external disinfectants.

Implications:

  • Pseudomonas folliculitis is a treatable skin condition linked to whirlpool use.
  • Topical treatments are often sufficient, negating the need for systemic antibiotics.
  • Public awareness regarding hot tub hygiene is crucial for preventing such infections.