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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 19, 2025

Predictive Measurement for Windlass Change in Length and Selected Treatment Outcomes in Chronic Plantar Fasciitis
02:15

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Published on: March 1, 2024

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Risk Factors for Plantar Fasciitis in Physically Active Individuals: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Karrie L Hamstra-Wright1, Kellie C Huxel Bliven2, R Curtis Bay2

  • 1Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.

Sports Health
|February 3, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Physically active individuals with increased plantarflexion range of motion, body mass index, and body mass face higher risks of plantar fasciitis (PF). Addressing these factors is key for prevention and treatment.

Keywords:
athletic injuriesheel painmilitaryphysically activeplantar fasciosisrunners

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Medicine
  • Orthopedics
  • Biomechanics

Background:

  • Plantar fasciitis (PF) is a prevalent condition affecting active individuals.
  • The unclear etiology of PF complicates treatment and underscores the need to identify risk factors for prevention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and meta-analyze risk factors associated with the development of plantar fasciitis in physically active individuals.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive search of multiple databases (e.g., PubMed, Scopus) was conducted through April 2020.
  • Included studies were original research comparing physically active individuals with and without PF, focusing on risk factors.
  • Methodological quality was assessed using the STROBE statement, with meta-analysis performed on factors reported in at least two studies.

Main Results:

  • Sixteen studies were included in the review, with 11 risk factors analyzed in the meta-analysis.
  • Increased plantarflexion range of motion (MD = 7.04°), body mass index (MD = 2.13 kg/m²), and body mass (MD = 4.52 kg) were identified as significant risk factors for PF.
  • Statistical analysis showed significant associations (P < 0.05) for all identified risk factors.

Conclusions:

  • Interventions targeting greater plantarflexion range of motion, body mass index, and body mass are recommended for preventing and treating PF in active individuals.
  • Focusing on these factors may help mitigate the load on plantar structures, aiding in management.
  • Further research may refine understanding of PF etiology and optimize preventive strategies.