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Non-linear relationships between children age and pneumococcal vaccine coverage: Important implications for vaccine

Yanling Liu1, Wenhui Li1, Qian Dong1

  • 1School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.

Vaccine
|February 3, 2021
PubMed

Insights

High pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) coverage in children is achieved at age 2 years and older. This study also supports ply and lytA as key targets for new protein vaccines against Streptococcus pneumoniae infections.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology and Immunology
  • Vaccinology
  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) is a major cause of childhood illness and death globally.
  • Understanding factors influencing vaccine effectiveness and pathogen characteristics is crucial for public health.
  • This study investigates S. pneumoniae in children, focusing on age, vaccine coverage, and pathogen traits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the relationship between age and pneumococcal vaccine coverage in children.
  • To explore correlations between age and vaccine coverage for various vaccine types (capsular, protein, pilus-based).
  • To analyze the links between multiple phenotype-genotype characteristics of S. pneumoniae isolates.

Main Methods:

  • S. pneumoniae isolates were analyzed for antimicrobial susceptibility, virulence genes, serotypes, and sequence types.
  • Restricted cubic spline models were employed to assess age-related vaccine coverage.
  • Phenotype-genotype characteristics were correlated with isolate data.

Main Results:

  • 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) showed high coverage (85.8%).
  • Non-linear relationships between age and vaccine coverage (PCV7, PCV10, PCV13) were observed, with fluctuations in children under 2 years.
  • Stable, high coverage for ply and lytA (protein/pilus vaccine candidates) was noted across all ages, alongside complex phenotype-genotype correlations (e.g., ST271 with serotype 19F).

Conclusions:

  • Optimal pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) coverage is achieved in children aged 2 years and older.
  • The findings support ply and lytA as priority targets for next-generation protein vaccines.
  • Understanding these relationships can guide vaccine development and public health strategies.
Abstract

Keywords:
ChildrenMolecular characterizationStreptococcus pneumoniaeVaccine

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