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Factors associated with anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody production in patients convalescing from COVID-19

Satoshi Kutsuna1, Yusuke Asai2, Akihiro Matsunaga3

  • 1Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.

Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy : Official Journal of the Japan Society of Chemotherapy
|February 3, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Male sex, diabetes, and high C-reactive protein (CRP) levels are linked to higher anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels in COVID-19 patients. Antibody titers peaked 5-6 weeks post-symptom onset.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Virology

Background:

  • Factors influencing anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibody production in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients are not fully understood.
  • Identifying these factors is crucial for understanding immune responses and vaccine efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate factors associated with elevated anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers in convalescing COVID-19 patients.
  • To determine the relationship between disease onset and antibody titer development.

Main Methods:

  • Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antibody titers.
  • Data from 84 COVID-19 patients, including acute and convalescent phases, were analyzed.
  • Multivariate log-normal analysis assessed factors related to antibody levels.

Main Results:

  • Antibody titers peaked approximately 5-6 weeks after symptom onset.
  • Male sex, diabetes mellitus, and high C-reactive protein (CRP) levels during acute illness were significantly associated with elevated IgG antibody titers (P < 0.05).
  • Glucocorticoid use did not show a significant association with antibody titers.

Conclusions:

  • High maximum CRP levels during acute COVID-19, male sex, and diabetes mellitus are key factors associated with higher anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers.
  • Antibody responses in COVID-19 patients generally peak within the first 5-6 weeks post-onset.
Abstract

Keywords:
Anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antibodyCOVID-19ConvalescentSARS-CoV-2

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