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Related Concept Videos

Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction01:27

Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction

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Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the renal parenchyma and collecting system, including the renal pelvis, tubules, and interstitial tissue of one or both kidneys. It can be classified as either acute—a sudden, severe infection—or chronic, which refers to long-term or recurrent kidney infections.The primary cause of acute pyelonephritis (APN) is bacterial infection, with Escherichia coli accounting for approximately 70-80% of cases. Other bacteria, such...
210
Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management01:28

Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management

135
Introduction:For diagnosing acute pyelonephritis, a comprehensive patient history is collected to identify symptoms such as dysuria, frequent or urgent urination, flank pain, or costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness that may suggest a kidney infection.Physical ExaminationDuring the physical examination, CVA tenderness is assessed. This involves gentle percussion over the costovertebral angle, where tenderness often indicates a kidney infection.Diagnostic TestsUrinalysis: Used to identify white...
135
Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology01:25

Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology

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The pathophysiology of urinary tract infections (UTIs) encompasses several progressive stages, beginning with bacterial colonization and culminating in potential systemic complications if untreated. UTIs are primarily initiated by bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, which often originate from the gastrointestinal tract and migrate to the urinary system through the periurethral area. This migration can occur via several routes, including improper hygiene practices, sexual activity, or...
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Peritoneal Dialysis II: Peritoneal Dialysis Systems and Complications01:25

Peritoneal Dialysis II: Peritoneal Dialysis Systems and Complications

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Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a medical process that removes waste products and excess fluid from the body using the peritoneal membrane as a natural filter.Peritoneal Dialysis MethodsSeveral methods can be used for peritoneal dialysis, including Acute Intermittent Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis, and Automated Peritoneal Dialysis, also known as Continuous Cyclic Peritoneal Dialysis.Acute Intermittent Peritoneal Dialysis (AIPD) is used for patients with uremic...
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Urinary Tract Infection I: Introduction01:26

Urinary Tract Infection I: Introduction

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Urinary tract infections (UTIs) impact various parts of the urinary system, including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. These infections are generally bacterial, with Escherichia coli being the most common causative agent, often originating from the gastrointestinal tract. However, other bacteria, such as Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis, are also known to cause UTIs. The type, location, and underlying complexity of the UTI guide both...
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Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology01:29

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The pathophysiology of pneumonia involves the following steps:
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 19, 2025

Intrarenal Injection of Escherichia coli in a Rat Model of Pyelonephritis
06:09

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Bilateral emphysematous pyelonephritis.

Caitlyn Hollingshead1, Kelly Luttmann1, Claudiu Georgescu1

  • 1University of Toledo, Division of Infectious Diseases, United States.

Idcases
|February 3, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Severe bilateral emphysematous pyelonephritis in a 57-year-old man was successfully treated with antibiotics and percutaneous nephrostomy. This conservative management led to a full recovery, highlighting an effective approach for this severe kidney infection.

Keywords:
Bilateral emphysematous pyelonephritisEmphysematous pyelonephritisPyelonephritis

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Urology

Background:

  • Emphysematous pyelonephritis is a rare, severe necrotizing infection of the renal parenchyma.
  • Prompt diagnosis and management are crucial to prevent sepsis and mortality.

Observation:

  • A 57-year-old male presented with bilateral flank pain and hematuria.
  • Imaging revealed severe bilateral emphysematous pyelonephritis.

Findings:

  • The patient received a conservative treatment regimen.
  • This included systemic antimicrobials and percutaneous nephrostomy for renal decompression.
  • Piperacillin-tazobactam was instilled via the nephrostomy tubes.

Implications:

  • Conservative management with antibiotics and nephrostomy tube drainage can be effective for severe bilateral emphysematous pyelonephritis.
  • This approach may avoid more invasive surgical interventions.
  • Successful outcomes underscore the importance of timely, tailored interventions in managing complex renal infections.