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Bias in Medicine: Lessons Learned and Mitigation Strategies.
M Elizabeth H Hammond1,2,3, Josef Stehlik1,2, Stavros G Drakos1,2
1U.T.A.H. Cardiac Transplant Program, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
JACC. Basic to Translational Science
|February 3, 2021
Summary
Cognitive bias, systematic thinking errors, can hinder scientific progress. Addressing bias in disseminating knowledge, like in cardiac transplantation, requires mindful analysis by researchers, reviewers, and editors.
Area of Science:
- Cognitive Psychology
- Medical Research Methodology
- Transplantation Science
Background:
- Cognitive bias represents systematic errors in thinking, stemming from processing limitations or flawed mental models.
- Bias arises from relying on intuitive rather than analytical (mindful) thought processes.
- The dissemination of scientific knowledge can be significantly delayed by cognitive biases.
Purpose of the Study:
- To highlight the impact of cognitive bias on scientific knowledge dissemination.
- To examine the specific role of bias in the context of human leucocyte antigen antibodies and antibody-mediated rejection in cardiac transplantation.
- To propose strategies for mitigating cognitive bias in scientific publishing.
Main Methods:
- The study reviews the concept of cognitive bias and its mechanisms.
- It analyzes how bias influences the interpretation and reporting of scientific findings.
- It discusses the implications of bias in the specific field of cardiac transplantation research.
Main Results:
- Cognitive bias can impede the acceptance and integration of new scientific findings.
- The influence of human leucocyte antigen antibodies and antibody-mediated rejection in cardiac transplantation has been affected by biased dissemination.
- Effective mitigation strategies require collaborative efforts from all stakeholders in the scientific process.
Conclusions:
- Mitigating cognitive bias is crucial for accelerating scientific progress.
- Concerted actions by investigators, peer reviewers, and editors are necessary to address bias.
- Promoting mindful and analytical thinking is key to overcoming cognitive limitations in science.
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