Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

14.1K
T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
14.1K
Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

926
An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and...
926
Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

7.4K
The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
7.4K
Antigen Presenting Cells01:22

Antigen Presenting Cells

2.5K
The immune system is a complex network of cells and molecules that protects the body from foreign invaders. T cells, a type of white blood cell, play a crucial role in this process. They recognize and attack foreign substances, such as pathogens, that enter the body.
T cells require the help of antigen-presenting cells (APCs), which process foreign antigens into smaller fragments that can be recognized by T cells. These APCs are highly specialized cells that efficiently internalize antigens...
2.5K
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

1.8K
When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
1.8K
B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

15.2K
The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
15.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Gut microbe-derived short-chain fatty acids regulate alphavirus arthritis and macrophage activation in mice.

The Journal of clinical investigation·2026
Same author

IL-13 signaling in cDC2 is required for systemic anaphylactic responses.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells impair tumor growth through IL-3 and TNF-dependent vascular damage.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2026
Same author

Neuronal responses to cytokines limit intestinal hypermotility and systemic effects of colonic inflammation.

iScience·2026
Same author

Natural antigen landscape shaping intestinal Treg cells: Self, diet, and microbiota.

International reviews of immunology·2026
Same author

Comparison of Anomaly Detection Methods on Event-Based Vision Sensor Data in a High Noise Environment.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 19, 2025

Tractable In Vivo Reprogramming of Tumor Cells to Type 1 Conventional Dendritic Cell-like Cells
10:04

Tractable In Vivo Reprogramming of Tumor Cells to Type 1 Conventional Dendritic Cell-like Cells

Published on: August 1, 2025

1.1K

Gut Helicobacter presentation by multiple dendritic cell subsets enables context-specific regulatory T cell

Emilie V Russler-Germain1, Jaeu Yi1, Shannon Young1

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States.

Elife
|February 3, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Peripheral regulatory T (pTreg) cell generation does not solely rely on CD103+ gut dendritic cells (DCs). Both CD103+ and CD103- migratory DCs present antigens, and their absence does not impede pTreg cell induction, maintaining gut tolerance.

Keywords:
Helicobactercolondendritic cellimmunologyinflammationmicrobiotamouseregulatory t celltolerance

More Related Videos

A Simple and Efficient Method for Testing Immunomodulatory Agents for Generation of Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells from Human CD14+ Monocytes
11:34

A Simple and Efficient Method for Testing Immunomodulatory Agents for Generation of Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells from Human CD14+ Monocytes

Published on: April 11, 2025

584
Isolation and Characterization of Dendritic Cells and Macrophages from the Mouse Intestine
09:25

Isolation and Characterization of Dendritic Cells and Macrophages from the Mouse Intestine

Published on: May 21, 2012

39.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 19, 2025

Tractable In Vivo Reprogramming of Tumor Cells to Type 1 Conventional Dendritic Cell-like Cells
10:04

Tractable In Vivo Reprogramming of Tumor Cells to Type 1 Conventional Dendritic Cell-like Cells

Published on: August 1, 2025

1.1K
A Simple and Efficient Method for Testing Immunomodulatory Agents for Generation of Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells from Human CD14+ Monocytes
11:34

A Simple and Efficient Method for Testing Immunomodulatory Agents for Generation of Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells from Human CD14+ Monocytes

Published on: April 11, 2025

584
Isolation and Characterization of Dendritic Cells and Macrophages from the Mouse Intestine
09:25

Isolation and Characterization of Dendritic Cells and Macrophages from the Mouse Intestine

Published on: May 21, 2012

39.6K

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Peripheral regulatory T (pTreg) cells are crucial for maintaining gut homeostasis.
  • CD103+ gut dendritic cells (DCs) are traditionally implicated in pTreg cell generation.
  • The specific role of different DC subsets in commensal-reactive pTreg development remains incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of CD103+ and CD103- migratory dendritic cells in the generation of commensal-Helicobacter-specific pTreg cells.
  • To determine if the absence of CD103+ migratory DCs impacts pTreg cell frequency or induces compensatory mechanisms in other DC subsets.
  • To elucidate the influence of the local immune microenvironment on pTreg cell induction.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized two Helicobacter-specific T cell receptor (TCR) transgenic mouse models.
  • Analyzed antigen presentation by CD103+ and CD103- migratory and resident dendritic cells (DCs) from the mesenteric lymph node ex vivo.
  • Employed murine genetic models to deplete CD103+ migratory DCs in vivo.
  • Assessed the impact of a Th1-promoting niche on Helicobacter-specific pTreg cell generation.

Main Results:

  • Both CD103+ and CD103- migratory DCs, but not resident DCs, presented Helicobacter antigens ex vivo.
  • Depletion of CD103+ migratory DCs did not alter the frequency of Helicobacter-specific pTreg cells.
  • No compensatory tolerogenic changes were observed in CD103- DCs following CD103+ DC depletion.
  • Activation within a Th1-promoting environment inhibited Helicobacter-specific pTreg cell generation.

Conclusions:

  • Gut dendritic cell subsets involved in antigen presentation are permissive for pTreg cell induction, irrespective of CD103 expression.
  • The generation of effector T cells appears dominant, highlighting the necessity for all antigen-presenting DC subsets to support pTreg induction for maintaining gut tolerance.
  • These findings challenge the exclusive role of CD103+ DCs and emphasize a broader DC network in regulating immune tolerance within the gut.