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The gender pay gap in medicine: A systematic review
Health Care Management Review
|February 3, 2021
Summary
Female physicians earn significantly less than male physicians, a persistent gender pay gap evident across specialties and countries. Addressing this requires organizational awareness and supportive policies for equitable compensation.
Area of Science:
- Medical Economics
- Gender Studies in Medicine
- Health Equity
Background:
- Increasing number of women in medicine.
- Persistent evidence of differential treatment for female doctors compared to male counterparts.
Purpose of the Study:
- Systematically review literature on the gender-based pay gap in medicine.
- Analyze pay disparities across different time periods, medical specialties, and countries.
- Identify trends and contributing factors to the physician pay gap.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature search across three databases.
- Adherence to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.
- Inclusion of empirical studies reporting gender-based pay findings (adjusted or unadjusted).
Main Results:
- 46 articles published since 2000 reported gender-based physician pay findings.
- Most studies showed female doctors earn significantly less than male doctors annually.
- The pay gap persists across time, medical specialties, and countries, even when controlling for variables.
Conclusions:
- The gender pay gap in medicine is an ongoing crisis requiring urgent attention.
- Organizational awareness of workplace bias and supportive policies are crucial.
- Transparency in salary negotiations, promotions, and pay scales can help equalize compensation.
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