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Related Concept Videos

Accessory Structures of the Eye01:17

Accessory Structures of the Eye

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Optical perception, or vision, is an extraordinary sense dependent on converting light signals received via the ocular organs. These organs, known as eyes, are securely positioned within the bony cavities of the skull, called orbits. The orbits serve a dual purpose: a protective shield for the ocular globes and a stable attachment point for the soft ocular tissues. The eye's external protective mechanisms include the eyelids, which are edged with lashes that act as a barrier against foreign...
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Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
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Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
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The muscles of the eye are sophisticated structures that control eye movement and focus, allowing for the precise and rapid adjustments necessary for vision. The human eye is controlled by ten muscles — six extraocular muscles, three intraocular muscles, and one primary eyelid retractor muscle.
Extraocular Muscles
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In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 18, 2025

Comparing Objective Conjunctival Hyperemia Grading and the Ocular Surface Disease Index Score in Dry Eye Syndrome During COVID-19
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Eyes on coronavirus.

Yan-Ping Li1, Ya Ma2, Ningli Wang2

  • 1Laboratory for Stem Cell & Retinal Regeneration, The Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China.

Stem Cell Research
|February 3, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) may impact eye health. This study explores the role of ACE2 and CD147 receptors in human ocular cells, investigating potential coronavirus effects on eye tissues and diseases.

Keywords:
ACE2BSGCD147COVID-19CoronavirusEyeRASSARS-CoV-2

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, is a global pandemic.
  • Severe cases affect multiple systems, but ocular complications are not widely reported.
  • SARS-CoV-2 utilizes specific receptors for cell entry.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the presence and role of SARS-CoV-2 receptors in human ocular cells.
  • To understand the potential mechanisms of coronavirus involvement in ocular tissues and diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of ACE2 and CD147 (BSG) receptor expression in human ocular cells.
  • Literature review on coronavirus interactions with ocular tissues.

Main Results:

  • ACE2 and CD147 receptors are present in human ocular cells.
  • These receptors may facilitate SARS-CoV-2 entry into ocular tissues.
  • Potential implications for ocular manifestations of COVID-19.

Conclusions:

  • The presence of ACE2 and CD147 suggests human ocular cells are potential targets for SARS-CoV-2.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the specific roles of these receptors in COVID-19-related eye conditions.