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The Cognitive Underpinnings of Multiply-Constrained Problem Solving.

Derek M Ellis1, Matthew K Robison2, Gene A Brewer1

  • 1Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA.

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|February 4, 2021
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Summary

This study reveals that crystallized intelligence uniquely predicts problem-solving ability in complex tasks. Insightful strategies led to more correct solutions than analytical ones, suggesting domain-general cognitive processes.

Keywords:
individual differencesinsightmultiply-constrained problem solving

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Problem-Solving Research

Background:

  • Multiply-constrained problems, like compound remote associates, are vital for studying memory delimitation towards goal-satisfaction.
  • These problems have been linked to various cognitive functions including creative thinking, analytical, and insight problem-solving.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To empirically assess the cognitive abilities predicting multiply-constrained problem solving.
  • To determine if problem-solving ability and strategy use (analytical vs. insightful) are domain-specific or general.
  • To identify unique predictive variance among working memory, attention, episodic/semantic memory, and intelligence.

Main Methods:

  • Empirical evaluation of cognitive abilities associated with multiply-constrained problem solving.
  • Utilized novel tasks (TriBond, Location Bond) to assess problem-solving and strategy adoption.
  • Statistical analysis to differentiate common versus unique predictive variance.

Main Results:

  • Problem-solving performance demonstrated domain-general characteristics across tasks.
  • Solutions generated via insightful strategies were more frequently correct than those from analytical strategies.
  • Crystallized intelligence emerged as the sole cognitive ability with unique predictive value.

Conclusions:

  • Problem-solving in multiply-constrained tasks is largely domain-general.
  • Insightful strategies appear more effective than analytical ones for solving these problems.
  • Crystallized intelligence plays a distinct role in complex problem-solving, independent of other assessed cognitive abilities.