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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 18, 2025

Using a Real-Time Locating System to Measure Walking Activity Associated with Wandering Behaviors Among Institutionalized Older Adults

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Obstruction-Aware Signal-Loss-Tolerant Indoor Positioning Using Bluetooth Low Energy.

Aybars Kerem Taşkan¹, Hande Alemdar¹

¹Department of Computer Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

|February 4, 2021

Summary

This study introduces an obstruction-aware, signal-loss-tolerant indoor positioning (OASLTIP) algorithm using Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE). The system achieves accurate indoor tracking despite signal obstructions and loss, demonstrating its effectiveness in real-world environments.

Keywords:

Bluetooth Low Energy indoor positioning multilateration particle filter

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Last Updated: Nov 18, 2025

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Area of Science:

Engineering
Computer Science

Background:

Indoor positioning systems are increasingly important for sophisticated indoor environments.
Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) offers a cost-effective wireless technology for indoor positioning.
Existing systems often struggle with signal obstructions and loss in complex environments.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose and evaluate an obstruction-aware signal-loss-tolerant indoor positioning (OASLTIP) algorithm using BLE.
To enhance tracking performance by accounting for environmental obstructions and signal loss.
To provide a cost-effective and robust BLE-based indoor positioning solution.

Main Methods:

Developed the obstruction-aware signal-loss-tolerant indoor positioning (OASLTIP) algorithm.
Employed running average filtering for signal data smoothing.
Utilized multilateration for position measurement and particle filtering for tag tracking.
Incorporated an optional receiver placement method and fingerprinting integration.

Main Results:

The OASLTIP system achieved an average error of 2.29 meters in a crowded, occluded office environment with three receivers.
Simulations using the developed OASLTool yielded an average error of 2.58 meters for the same setup.
The system demonstrated effective performance in handling signal loss and environmental obstructions.

Conclusions:

OASLTIP provides a cost-effective and robust solution for BLE-based indoor positioning.
The algorithm's ability to handle obstructions and signal loss significantly improves tracking accuracy.
Experimental and simulation results validate the system's performance in real-world conditions.