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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 18, 2025

Event-related Potentials During Target-response Tasks to Study Cognitive Processes of Upper Limb Use in Children with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy
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Brain lateralization in children with upper-limb reduction deficiency.

Jorge M Zuniga1, James E Pierce2, Christopher Copeland2

  • 1Department of Biomechanics, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, 68182, USA. jmzuniga@unomaha.edu.

Journal of Neuroengineering and Rehabilitation
|February 4, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Children with upper-limb reduction deficiencies (ULD) using prostheses showed altered brain activity, specifically ipsilateral motor cortex activation, during a dexterity task. This suggests a unique compensation strategy for prosthesis use in ULD.

Keywords:
Brain activationPediatricProsthesisUpper-limb deficiencyfNIRS

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pediatrics
  • Rehabilitation Medicine

Background:

  • Congenital unilateral upper-limb reduction deficiencies (ULD) affect children's development.
  • Understanding the impact of upper-limb prostheses on brain function is crucial for rehabilitation.
  • Typically developing (TD) children provide a baseline for comparison in neurodevelopmental studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of upper-limb prostheses on brain activity in children with ULD.
  • To compare gross manual dexterity and brain activation between children with ULD using prostheses and TD children.
  • To identify potential neural compensation mechanisms associated with prosthesis use in ULD.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of five children with ULD and five age/sex-matched TD children participated.
  • Participants performed a gross manual dexterity task (Box and Block Test).
  • Brain activity was measured using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) during the task.

Main Results:

  • No significant difference in gross dexterity performance was observed between the ULD and TD groups.
  • A significant difference in the Laterality Index (LI) was found, indicating ipsilateral motor cortex control in the ULD group.
  • Children with ULD using prostheses exhibited significant ipsilateral activation in the motor cortex on the non-preferred side.

Conclusions:

  • The observed ipsilateral motor cortex activation in children with ULD using prostheses may represent a compensatory neural strategy.
  • This study is the first to report altered brain lateralization in children with ULD during prosthesis use.
  • Findings suggest that the non-affected hemisphere may support prosthesis operation in individuals with ULD.