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Related Concept Videos

Chemical Synapses01:26

Chemical Synapses

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Chemical synapses are specialized sites between two neurons or between a neuron and a non-neuronal cell like a muscle, glandular or sensory cell.
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Chemical synapses are specialized sites between two neurons or between a neuron and a non-neuronal cell like a muscle, glandular or sensory cell.
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Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
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The Synapse02:47

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Neurons communicate with one another by passing on their electrical signals to other neurons. A synapse is the location where two neurons meet to exchange signals. At the synapse, the neuron that sends the signal is called the presynaptic cell, while the neuron that receives the message is called the postsynaptic cell. Note that most neurons can be both presynaptic and postsynaptic, as they both transmit and receive information.
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Epigenetic Regulation01:37

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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 18, 2025

Imaging the Human Immunological Synapse
09:37

Imaging the Human Immunological Synapse

Published on: December 26, 2019

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Immune synapse instructs epigenomic and transcriptomic functional reprogramming in dendritic cells.

Ana Alcaraz-Serna1,2, Eugenio Bustos-Morán1,2, Irene Fernández-Delgado1,2

  • 1Immunology Department, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain.

Science Advances
|February 4, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Dendritic cells (DCs) change their gene expression and epigenetics after interacting with T cells. These postsynaptic DCs exhibit enhanced migration capabilities, revealing a new DC subset with altered functions.

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Study of Dendritic Cell Development by Short Hairpin RNA-Mediated Gene Knockdown in a Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cell Line In vitro

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • The fate of dendritic cells (DCs) post-T cell interaction is understudied.
  • Focus has been on T cell activation and memory, neglecting DC changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the transcriptomic and epigenomic changes in DCs after forming immune synapses with T cells.
  • To characterize the functional consequences of these changes, particularly migratory capacity.

Main Methods:

  • Transcriptomic analysis to identify gene expression changes in postsynaptic DCs.
  • Epigenomic profiling (DNA accessibility, histone methylation) to understand regulatory mechanisms.
  • In vitro migration assays and in vivo homing studies to assess cell movement.

Main Results:

  • Postsynaptic DCs display a distinct transcriptomic signature compared to resting DCs.
  • Epigenomic modifications, including altered DNA accessibility and histone methylation, accompany transcriptomic shifts.
  • Expression of the chemokine receptor Ccr7 is upregulated in postsynaptic DCs.
  • These DCs show increased in vitro migration towards CCL19 and enhanced homing to lymph nodes in vivo.

Conclusions:

  • Dendritic cells undergo significant transcriptomic and epigenomic reprogramming after engaging with T cells.
  • This reprogramming results in a functionally distinct DC population with enhanced migratory properties.
  • Identifies a novel subset of postsynaptic DCs with altered migratory capacity crucial for immune responses.