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Related Concept Videos

Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

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Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
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The Bone Matrix01:18

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Bone contains a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of collagen fibers that provide an adherent surface for inorganic salt crystals. Both components of the matrix, organic and inorganic, contribute to the unusual properties of bone. Without collagen, bones would be brittle and shatter easily. Without mineral crystals, bones would flex and provide little support. This can be observed by an experiment: when the minerals of a bone are dissolved by soaking the bone in...
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Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...
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Bone Cells and Tissue01:30

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Bones contain a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of organic and inorganic components. Although bone cells compose only a small amount of the bone volume, they are crucial to its function. Four types of cells are found within the bone tissue— osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteogenic cells, and osteoclasts.
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The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
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Bone tissue forms the internal skeleton of vertebrate animals, providing structure to the body.
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Control of Bone Matrix Properties by Osteocytes.

Amy Creecy1, John G Damrath2, Joseph M Wallace1

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University at Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States.

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|February 4, 2021
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Summary

Osteocytes, the most abundant bone cells, are increasingly recognized for their role in bone homeostasis. Emerging research highlights their potential to directly form, degrade, and modify bone matrix components like collagen and minerals.

Keywords:
collagenextracellular matrixlacunocanalicular networkmechanical loadingmineralperilacunar remodeling

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Area of Science:

  • Bone Biology and Histology
  • Cellular Biology
  • Biomineralization

Background:

  • Osteocytes constitute 90-95% of bone cells, forming an extensive dendritic network.
  • Their direct interaction with the bone matrix suggests a role in bone homeostasis.
  • The capacity of osteocytes to modify the bone matrix is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review osteocyte biology and the lacunar-canalicular system.
  • To summarize recent findings on osteocyte phenotype transitions in vitro.
  • To explore osteocyte-mediated bone matrix alteration in vivo.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on osteocyte biology and function.
  • Analysis of in vitro studies examining osteocyte maturation and phenotype.
  • Synthesis of in vivo research investigating osteocyte roles in matrix modification.

Main Results:

  • Osteocytes possess a unique cellular structure facilitating matrix interaction.
  • In vitro models reveal dynamic changes in osteocyte phenotype during maturation.
  • Evidence suggests osteocytes actively participate in forming, degrading, and modifying bone matrix.

Conclusions:

  • Osteocytes are pivotal in maintaining bone quality through direct matrix modulation.
  • Advancements in nano- and microstructural analysis techniques are crucial for uncovering novel osteocyte functions.
  • Further research into osteocyte-matrix interactions holds significant potential for understanding bone health and disease.