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Step-by-Step Evolution of Telomeres: Lessons from Yeasts.

Filip Červenák1, Regina Sepšiová1, Jozef Nosek2

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The evolutionary origin of diverse telomeric repeats in ascomycetous yeasts is explained by a new step-by-step model. This model integrates telomeric repeat sequences, telomerase RNAs, and protein complexes, clarifying repeat heterogeneity.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Telomeres protect eukaryotic chromosome ends, preventing DNA damage and replication issues.
  • Telomeric DNA sequences are generally conserved, but exceptions exist, notably in ascomycetous yeasts with diverse repeat sequences.
  • The rapid evolution and co-evolution of yeast telomeric repeats and proteins remain poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the evolutionary origins of species-specific telomeric repeats in ascomycetous yeasts (Saccharomycotina and Taphrinomycotina).
  • To analyze the diversity of telomeric repeat sequences and their associated molecular components.
  • To develop a model explaining the evolution of telomeric repeat heterogeneity.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative sequence analysis of telomeric repeats from 204 yeast species across 20 families.
  • Integration of data on telomeric repeat sequences, telomerase RNAs, and telomere-binding proteins.
  • Development of a step-by-step evolutionary model.

Main Results:

  • Identified a wide variety of telomeric repeat sequences within ascomycetous yeasts.
  • Proposed a novel step-by-step model for telomere evolution in these yeasts.
  • The model explains the integration of diverse telomeric repeats, telomerase RNAs, and protein complexes, accounting for repeat heterogeneity.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a comprehensive model for the evolution of telomeric repeat diversity in ascomycetous yeasts.
  • This model elucidates the interplay between telomeric DNA sequences, telomerase components, and protein complexes.
  • The findings offer insights into the mechanisms driving repeat heterogeneity within telomeric arrays.