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Published on: April 1, 2018
ADHD and offending.
Susan Young1,2, Kelly Cocallis3
1Psychology Services Limited, London, PO 1735, Croydon, C9 7AE, UK. suzyyoung@aol.com.
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is prevalent in offenders, often with comorbidities. Unrecognized ADHD in this population leads to disadvantages in the criminal justice system, impacting health and rehabilitation.
Area of Science:
- Forensic Psychology
- Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Criminology
Background:
- Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) affects approximately 25% of individuals in criminal justice settings.
- Offenders with ADHD exhibit distinct clinical presentations and vulnerabilities compared to the general population.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the presentation and vulnerabilities of offenders with ADHD.
- To compare this subpopulation with individuals with ADHD in the general population.
- To inform assessment and treatment approaches for offenders with ADHD.
Main Methods:
- A selective literature review was conducted.
- The review focused on clinical presentation, criminogenic behavior, and psychological vulnerabilities of offenders with ADHD.
Main Results:
- Nearly all (96%) offenders with ADHD have comorbid conditions (mood, anxiety, conduct, substance use, personality disorders).
- Compared to offenders without ADHD, they enter the criminal justice system younger, have higher recidivism, are prone to false confessions, exhibit behavioral disturbances, engage in health risk behaviors, and have a lower quality of life.
- Assessment and treatment of ADHD in this group are complicated by their presentation.
Conclusions:
- Offenders with ADHD are disadvantaged due to unrecognized or misunderstood ADHD symptoms.
- Missed or misdiagnosed ADHD negatively impacts individuals' health and rehabilitation, and society.
- Improved recognition and management of ADHD in offenders are crucial.
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