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Clinical Characteristics and Predictors of Mortality in Minority Patients Hospitalized with COVID-19 Infection
Rizwan Muhammad1, Richard Ogunti1, Basharat Ahmad1
1Howard University College of Medicine, 2041 Georgia Ave, NW, Washington, DC, 20060, USA.
Insights
Predictors of early mortality in minority patients with COVID-19 include advanced age and elevated biomarkers for inflammation, coagulation, and organ damage. These factors independently increase the risk of in-hospital death.
Area of Science:
- Medical Research
- Infectious Diseases
- Public Health
Background:
- Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disproportionately affected minority populations.
- Understanding early mortality predictors is crucial for targeted interventions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify early mortality predictors in minority patients hospitalized with COVID-19.
- To inform clinical management and improve outcomes for high-risk individuals.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of 200 consecutively hospitalized COVID-19 patients.
- Collection of demographics, clinical characteristics, laboratory data, and mortality outcomes.
- Statistical analysis to identify independent predictors of in-hospital mortality.
Main Results:
- The study identified several key predictors of mortality.
- Advanced age (≥65 years) and elevated biomarkers (lactate dehydrogenase, C-reactive protein, ferritin, creatinine kinase, procalcitonin, D-dimer, creatinine) were independently associated with increased mortality risk.
- Non-survivors were significantly older with elevated markers of inflammation, coagulation, and acute organ damage.
Conclusions:
- Patients of advanced age presenting with elevated biomarkers of inflammation, coagulation, and end-organ damage face a higher risk of mortality from COVID-19.
- These findings highlight the importance of monitoring specific biomarkers for early risk stratification and timely intervention.
Objectives:
To identify the early mortality predictors in minority patients hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
Design:
Demographics, presenting characteristics, admission laboratory data, ICU admission, and mortality data were collected from 200 consecutively hospitalized patients with COVID-19.
Results:
The mean (SD) age was 58.9 (15.1) years, 121(60.5%) were men, 143 (71.5%) were African Americans, and 33 (16.5%) were Latino. Common presenting symptoms were cough 130 (65.0%), shortness of breath 129 (64.5%), and fever 121 (60.5%). One or more comorbid illness occurred in 171 (85.5%) and common comorbidities were hypertension (130 (65.2%)), diabetes (100 (50.0%)) and chronic kidney disease (60 (30.0%)). Of the 200 patients, 71 (35.5%) were treated in the ICU, 47 (24.2%) received mechanical ventilation, 45 (22.5%) died, and 155(77.5%) patients discharged home alive. The non-survivors were significantly older and had elevated markers of inflammation, coagulation, and acute organ damage on presentation. Age ≥ 65 years (odds ratio (OR), 3.78; 95% CI, 1.74-8.22; P = .001), lactate dehydrogenase level > 400 IU/L (OR, 9.1; 95% CI, 2.97-28.1; p < 0.001), C-reactive protein > 20 mg/dl (OR, 5.56; 95%CI, 1.84-16.8; p < 0.001), ferritin > 2000 ng/ml (OR, 5.42; 95%CI, 1.63-17.9; p = 0.006), creatinine kinase > 1000 iu/l (OR, 3.57; 95% CI, 1.23 10.3; p = 0.019), procalcitonin > 2.5 ng/ml (OR, 4.21; 95% CI, 1.47-12.0; p = 0.007), D-dimer level > 3.0 μg/ml (OR,10.9; 95% CI, 3.33-36.2; p = < 0.001), creatinine > 2 mg/dl (OR, 4.5; 95% CI, 1.29-15.8; P = 0.018) at admission were associated independently with increases risk of in-hospital mortality.
Conclusion:
Patients of advanced age that present with elevated biomarkers of inflammation, coagulation, and end-organ damage were at higher risk of mortality.
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