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Targets and assay types for COVID-19 diagnosis
Marinela Bostan1,2, Marius Ataman3, Ioana Stefania Bostan4
1Center of Immunology, "Stefan S. Nicolau" Institute of Virology , Bucharest, Romania.
Journal of Immunoassay & Immunochemistry
|February 4, 2021
Summary
Understanding severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) diagnostic methods, including reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR), is crucial. This review details available and developing assays for COVID-19 detection and pandemic management.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Immunology
- Diagnostic Medicine
Background:
- Limited understanding of immune response dynamics in SARS-CoV-2 infection necessitates reliable diagnostic tools.
- Current reliance on reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) for COVID-19 diagnosis is hampered by equipment limitations in many clinical settings.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review and describe available and developing diagnostic targets and methods for SARS-CoV-2 infection.
- To inform efficient detection and better pandemic management through understanding assay sensitivity.
Main Methods:
- Review of diagnostic methods including reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR).
- Analysis of serologic immunoassays (SIA) for antibody detection.
- Evaluation of protein microarray methods (PMM) for antigen and antibody identification.
Main Results:
- RT-PCR, SIA, and PMM are key methods for SARS-CoV-2 detection.
- Each method targets specific viral components or host immune responses.
- Understanding assay sensitivity is vital for accurate diagnosis.
Conclusions:
- Diverse diagnostic strategies are available for COVID-19.
- Knowledge of specific targets and assay sensitivity improves patient detection and pandemic control.
- Continued development of diagnostic methods is essential for public health.
