Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Assessment of Ventilation II: Respiratory Depth and Rhythm

Assessment of Ventilation II: Respiratory Depth and Rhythm

Respiratory Depth
Respiratory depth measures the volume of air inhaled or exhaled during a breath. It can vary from shallow to deep and typically remains consistent when a person is at rest or asleep. Occasionally, individuals will automatically inhale deeply, known as sighing, which inflates the lungs with more air than normal breathing.
To assess respiratory depth, observe the degree of chest excursion or movement:

Assessment of Ventilation I: Respiratory Rate

Assessment of Ventilation I: Respiratory Rate

Assessment of Ventilation
A Ventilation assessment is critical for monitoring a patient's health status. Respiration, one of the most accessible vital signs, provides insights into the function of numerous body systems and can indicate serious health issues, such as brainstem injuries from head trauma.
Critical Guidelines for Assessing Ventilation:

Respiratory Volumes

Respiratory Volumes

Respiratory volumes are crucial metrics, meticulously measured to quantify the air exchanged in and out of the lungs during various phases of the breathing cycle. These precise measurements are vital for assessing lung function, diagnosing respiratory conditions, and monitoring overall respiratory health. Each parameter provides specific insights into the mechanics of breathing and the functional capacity of the lungs.
Tidal Volume (TV) Tidal volume (TV) is the air inhaled or exhaled in a...

Assessment of Respiration

Assessment of Respiration

The respiratory system's basic structures and primary functions lay the foundation for nurses' comprehensive respiratory assessments. This assessment includes subjective and objective data to gauge the patient's respiratory health.
Subjective Assessment: Nurses interview the patient to gather information directly during the subjective assessment. It includes questions about the individual's medical history, medications, and symptoms, focusing on past respiratory conditions like...

Respiratory Capacities

Respiratory Capacities

Respiratory capacities are crucial indicators of lung function, representing the maximum amount of air an individual's respiratory system can handle during various breathing phases.
One key metric is the Inspiratory Capacity (IC), which represents the maximum amount of air that can be inhaled with full effort. IC is calculated by summing the tidal volume and inspiratory reserve volume, typically ranging from 2.4 to 3.6 liters.
The Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) represents the air in the...

Alterations in Respiration II

Alterations in Respiration II

There are numerous types of normal and abnormal respiration. Based on ventilatory movements, breathing patterns are classified as regular, deep, or shallow. Examples include Biot's breathing, Cheyne-Stokes respiration, Kussmaul's breathing, hyperventilation, and hypoventilation. Each pattern is clinically significant and aids in evaluating patients.
In Biot's breathing, the respiratory rate and depth are irregular, alternating between periods of deep gasping and apnea. Common causes...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Pulse-based photoplethysmography quality assessment improves wearable seizure detection performance.

Epilepsia open·2026

Same author

Reduction of motion artifacts from photoplethysmography signals using learned convolutional sparse coding.

Physiological measurement·2026

Same author

Estimation of Respiratory Effort Through Diaphragmatic Electromyography Features.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2025

Same author

A Two-Dimensional Position and Motion Monitoring System for Preterm Infants Using a Fiber-Optic Pressure-Sensitive Mattress.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2025

Same author

Biomedical Signal Processing and Health Monitoring Based on Sensors.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2025

Same author

Noncontact respiration monitoring techniques in young children: A scoping review.

Pediatric pulmonology·2024

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 18, 2025

How to Obtain Reliable Visual Event-related Potentials in Newborns

How to Obtain Reliable Visual Event-related Potentials in Newborns

Published on: October 24, 2019

Characterizing cardiorespiratory interaction in preterm infants across sleep states using visibility graph analysis.

Dandan Zhang^1,2, Xi Long^1,2, Lin Xu³

¹Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.

Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)

|February 4, 2021

Summary

Cardiorespiratory interaction (CRI) in preterm infants differs across sleep states and postmenstrual age (PMA). Quiet sleep shows stronger, more regular CRI, potentially aiding sleep state differentiation.

Keywords:

cardiorespiratory interaction preterm infant sleep visibility graph

More Related Videos

Non-invasive Optical Measurement of Cerebral Metabolism and Hemodynamics in Infants

Non-invasive Optical Measurement of Cerebral Metabolism and Hemodynamics in Infants

Published on: March 14, 2013

Preterm EEG: A Multimodal Neurophysiological Protocol

Preterm EEG: A Multimodal Neurophysiological Protocol

Published on: February 18, 2012

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 18, 2025

How to Obtain Reliable Visual Event-related Potentials in Newborns

How to Obtain Reliable Visual Event-related Potentials in Newborns

Published on: October 24, 2019

Non-invasive Optical Measurement of Cerebral Metabolism and Hemodynamics in Infants

Non-invasive Optical Measurement of Cerebral Metabolism and Hemodynamics in Infants

Published on: March 14, 2013

Preterm EEG: A Multimodal Neurophysiological Protocol

Preterm EEG: A Multimodal Neurophysiological Protocol

Published on: February 18, 2012

Area of Science:

Neonatal Physiology
Complex Systems Analysis
Cardiorespiratory Dynamics

Background:

Cardiorespiratory interaction (CRI) is well-studied in adults but under-investigated in preterm infants across various sleep states.
Understanding CRI in preterm infants is crucial for assessing their physiological development and well-being.
Previous research has not explored the nonlinear dynamics of CRI in different sleep states (wake, active sleep, quiet sleep) of preterm infants.

Purpose of the Study:

To quantify and analyze cardiorespiratory interaction (CRI) in preterm infants during different sleep states.
To investigate the influence of postmenstrual age (PMA) on CRI characteristics in preterm infants.
To apply advanced nonlinear methods for a deeper understanding of CRI complexity in neonatal sleep.

Main Methods:

Utilized the visibility graph (VG) method for nonlinear analysis of CRI in preterm infants.
Extracted network parameters (mean degree, clustering coefficient, assortativity, complexity) from CRI data for each sleep state.
Analyzed the interaction effects of sleep state and PMA on CRI parameters.

Main Results:

Significant interaction effects between sleep state and PMA were observed for most CRI parameters.
Sleep state significantly impacted CRI parameters, except for the clustering coefficient (CCm).
Postmenstrual age (PMA) significantly influenced CRI parameters, except for complexity (D_SE).
Quiet sleep (QS) exhibited more regular, stratified, and stronger CRI compared to active sleep (AS) and wake (W).

Conclusions:

Cardiorespiratory interaction (CRI) in preterm infants is significantly associated with both sleep state and postmenstrual age (PMA).
CRI demonstrates a more clustered pattern in preterm infants with higher PMA across sleep states.
The distinct CRI patterns observed across sleep states, particularly in QS, suggest potential for using these parameters to differentiate sleep states in preterm infants.