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Incomplete Dominance

Incomplete Dominance

Gregor Mendel's work (1822 - 1884) was primarily focused on pea plants. Through his initial experiments, he determined that every gene in a diploid cell has two variants called alleles inherited from each parent. He suggested that amongst these two alleles, one allele is dominant in character and the other recessive. The combination of alleles determines the phenotype of a gene in an organism.

Test Cross

Test Cross

Alleles are different forms of the same gene. Humans and other diploid organisms inherit two alleles of every gene, one from each parent.

Trihybrid Crosses

Trihybrid Crosses

Trihybrid Crosses
Some of Mendel’s crosses examined three pairs of contrasting characteristics. Such a cross is called a trihybrid cross. A trihybrid cross is a combination of three individual monohybrid crosses. For example, plant height (tall vs. short), seed shape (round vs. wrinkled), and seed color (yellow vs. green).
The F1 generation plants of a trihybrid cross are heterozygous for all three traits and produce eight gametes. Upon self-fertilization, these gametes have an equal...

Dihybrid Crosses

Dihybrid Crosses

Law of Segregation

Law of Segregation

When crossing pea plants, Mendel noticed that one of the parental traits would sometimes disappear in the first generation of offspring, called the F1 generation, and could reappear in the next generation (F2). He concluded that one of the traits must be dominant over the other, thereby causing masking of one trait in the F1 generation. When he crossed the F1 plants, he found that 75% of the offspring in the F2 generation had the dominant phenotype, while 25% had the recessive phenotype.

Monohybrid Crosses

Monohybrid Crosses

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 18, 2025

Experimental Protocol for Manipulating Plant-induced Soil Heterogeneity

Experimental Protocol for Manipulating Plant-induced Soil Heterogeneity

Published on: March 13, 2014

Defining codominance in plant communities.

Jesse E Gray^1,2, Kimberly J Komatsu³, Melinda D Smith^1,2

¹Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80521, USA.

The New Phytologist

|February 4, 2021

Summary

Species codominance, defined as shared abundance within plant communities, is a key ecological driver. This study introduces a novel metric to quantify codominance, advancing our understanding of community structure and ecosystem function.

Keywords:

codominant species coexistence dominant species plant community species abundance subordinate species

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Last Updated: Nov 18, 2025

Experimental Protocol for Manipulating Plant-induced Soil Heterogeneity

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Published on: March 13, 2014

Investigation of Plant Interactions Across Common Mycorrhizal Networks Using Rotated Cores

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Annotation of Plant Gene Function via Combined Genomics, Metabolomics and Informatics

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Published on: June 17, 2012

Area of Science:

Ecology
Community Ecology
Ecosystem Science

Background:

Species dominance and biodiversity are well-studied in plant communities.
Species codominance, though common, lacks a universal definition and quantification method.
Codominance likely influences community structure, ecosystem function, and stability.

Purpose of the Study:

To address the inconsistent use of the term 'codominance' in scientific literature.
To qualitatively define codominance and introduce a novel metric for its quantification.
To demonstrate the application of this metric for comparing plant communities.

Main Methods:

Reviewed the scientific literature for definitions and uses of 'codominance'.
Qualitatively defined codominance as distinctively isolated, shared abundance within a community subset.
Developed and applied a novel metric to quantify codominance using simulated and real-world plant community data.

Main Results:

Identified inconsistencies in the scientific community's understanding and application of 'codominance'.
The novel metric successfully quantified the degree of codominance in simulated and real-world grassland ecosystems.
Demonstrated the metric's ability to distinguish varying degrees of abundance sharing among species.

Conclusions:

A universal definition and quantitative metric for species codominance are needed.
The developed metric provides a defensible method for identifying and analyzing codominant species.
Further research on codominance drivers and consequences will advance community and ecosystem ecology.