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Related Experiment Video

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Anti-Nuclear Antibody Screening Using HEp-2 Cells
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Uncommon antinuclear antibody patterns as diagnostic indicators.

Rachita Nanda1, Prishni Gupta1, Suprava Patel1

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, India.

Clinical Biochemistry
|February 4, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Uncommon antinuclear antibody (ANA) patterns, like mitotic spindle and discrete nuclear dots, are more prevalent than previously thought. Further research into these ANA patterns can aid in diagnosing autoimmune diseases.

Keywords:
Anti mitochondrial antibodyAntinuclear antibodiesDiscrete nuclear dotsImmunofluorescence assayMitotic spindle fibers

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Autoimmunity
  • Clinical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Established clinical significance of common antinuclear antibody (ANA) patterns.
  • Limited understanding of the clinical relevance of uncommon ANA patterns.
  • Uncommon ANA patterns are often not reported by clinical laboratories.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze retrospective data linking patient clinical status to uncommon ANA patterns.
  • To determine the prevalence of uncommon ANA patterns.
  • To explore the diagnostic utility of these patterns in autoimmune diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of patient records with ANA reports over two years.
  • Indirect Immunofluorescence Assay (gold standard) used for all ANA testing.
  • Assessment of 1235 consecutive patients tested for ANA.

Main Results:

  • ANA was positive in 330 patients (26.7%).
  • 6.39% of patients exhibited uncommon nuclear, cytoplasmic, or mitotic sub-patterns.
  • Mitotic spindle (0.89%), cytoplasmic anti-mitochondrial antibodies (0.80%), and discrete nuclear dots-multiple (0.72%) were the most prevalent uncommon patterns, more common in females.
  • Systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis were associated with mitotic spindle, nuclear centromere, and nuclear large/coarse speckled ANA patterns.

Conclusions:

  • The prevalence of uncommon ANA patterns was higher than anticipated.
  • Encourages further evaluation of these patterns, their corresponding antibodies, and clinical utility.
  • Suggests potential for diagnostic information in autoimmune and other conditions.