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Related Concept Videos

Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Pharmaceutical Parameters01:28

Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Pharmaceutical Parameters

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Solid dosage forms such as tablets and capsules undergo rigorous manufacturing processes to ensure stability and effectiveness. Their dissolution and absorption properties are influenced significantly by the choice of excipients (inactive ingredients that serve various roles in the formulation), and the methodology applied during production. The manufacturing parameters, such as compression force and granulation techniques, significantly affect dissolution rates. Elevated compression forces...
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In Vitro Drug Dissolution: Compendial Testing Models I01:13

In Vitro Drug Dissolution: Compendial Testing Models I

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Compendial dissolution methods are standardized procedures defined by pharmacopeias to evaluate the rate at which a drug dissolves in a specific medium. These methods ensure batch-to-batch consistency, enable quality control, and support the prediction of drug bioavailability. They are critical for both immediate and modified-release drug products.The apparatuses used for dissolution testing differ in their design and mechanical function, but all aim to simulate the physiological environment of...
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In Vitro Drug Dissolution: Compendial Testing Models II01:09

In Vitro Drug Dissolution: Compendial Testing Models II

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Various dissolution methods are utilized to assess a drug’s dissolution rate, including the flow-through cell, paddle-over-disk, cylinder, and reciprocating disk methods.The flow-through cell apparatus (USP (United States Pharmacopeia) method 4) comprises a reservoir for the dissolution medium and a pump that propels the medium through the cell containing the test sample. This method is crucial for assessing modified-release dosage forms with minimally soluble active ingredients,...
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Formulation and Manufacturing Process: Physical Attributes of Generic Tablets and Capsules01:18

Formulation and Manufacturing Process: Physical Attributes of Generic Tablets and Capsules

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Bioequivalence in generic drugs, such as tablets and capsules, refers to their pharmaceutical equivalence to the brand-name counterparts. However, for therapeutic equivalence, manufacturers must also consider physical attributes like size, shape, and weight (FDA Guidance for Industry, December 2003). Discrepancies in these aspects could impact patient compliance and cause medication errors. For instance, swallowing difficulties, often experienced with larger tablets or capsules, can lead to...
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In Vitro Drug Dissolution: Alternative Methods01:17

In Vitro Drug Dissolution: Alternative Methods

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Alternative drug dissolution methods include the rotating bottle, intrinsic dissolution test, peristalsis, and the Franz diffusion cell method. The rotating bottle method involves meticulously rotating tightly capped controlled-release beads in a temperature-controlled bath. Periodic decanting of samples allows for residue assay, followed by refilling with fresh medium and testing at various pH levels to emulate the gastrointestinal tract conditions.In contrast, the intrinsic dissolution test...
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Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Polymorphic Form-Related and Particle Size-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence01:27

Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Polymorphic Form-Related and Particle Size-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence

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Changes in polymorphic forms can significantly influence the bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. Although the FDA defines pharmaceutical equivalence based on having the same active ingredient, dosage form, and route of administration, it does not automatically disqualify products with different polymorphic forms. This means two products with different polymorphs can still be deemed pharmaceutically equivalent. However, polymorphic differences can affect properties like wettability,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 18, 2025

Formation of Dispersible Taohong Siwu Tablets
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Exploring the performance-controlling tablet disintegration mechanisms for direct compression formulations.

Natalie Maclean1, Erin Walsh2, Mithushan Soundaranathan2

  • 1Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK.

International Journal of Pharmaceutics
|February 4, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Tablet disintegration mechanisms depend on filler combinations. Microcrystalline cellulose/lactose tablets showed wettability control, while DCPA-based tablets exhibited swelling control, impacting disintegration times differently with porosity changes.

Keywords:
Disintegration mechanismDissolutionExcipient swellingFormulation developmentSolid dosage formWettability

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Tablet design involves complex interactions between raw material properties, manufacturing parameters, and final tablet characteristics.
  • Raw material and tablet properties significantly influence the disintegration and dissolution performance of immediate-release drug products.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify the mechanisms controlling tablet disintegration for 16 immediate-release placebo formulations.
  • To correlate disintegration mechanisms with specific raw material and tablet properties.

Main Methods:

  • Manufactured 16 immediate-release placebo formulations using direct compression.
  • Utilized four filler combinations: microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), mannitol, lactose, and dibasic calcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA) (47% each), along with a disintegrant and lubricant.
  • Analyzed disintegration mechanisms based on filler combinations and porosity variations.

Main Results:

  • Disintegration mechanisms were primarily dictated by filler combinations: MCC/lactose (wettability controlled), MCC/mannitol (dissolution controlled), and DCPA-based (swelling controlled).
  • A 2% porosity increase significantly reduced disintegration time by 77% for wettability-controlled (MCC/lactose) tablets.
  • The same porosity change minimally affected disintegration time (3%) for swelling-controlled (MCC/DCPA) tablets.

Conclusions:

  • Filler combination is a critical determinant of tablet disintegration mechanisms.
  • Understanding these mechanisms allows for targeted optimization of tablet formulation and manufacturing processes.
  • Classifying formulations aids in identifying critical properties for enhanced tablet performance and predictable disintegration.